[Granulomatous histiocytotic proliferation in the spleen of a two-year old girl (author's transl)].

After remittent fever for several weeks a two-year old girl developed a severe hypochromic microcytic anaemia, rapidly increasing splenomegaly and extensive leftsided pleural effusions. After splenectomy the girl recovered very fast. Elevation of erythrocyte sedimentation rate, sideropenia and microcytosis needed several months for normalisation. Histopathological examination of the enlarged spleen (weight 530 g) and regional lymph nodes revealed a marked granulomatous histiocytotic proliferation with erythrophagocytosis and siderosis. Considering morphological and clinical aspects the association of the reported case with histocytosis X seems to be justified.