[Periodontal disease as an early clinical sign of cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL)].

BACKGROUND

The clinical signs of cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) are expressed mainly in the nervous system and recently reports also situate them in the retina.

OBJECTIVE

To determine the prevalence and risk of periodontal disease in subjects from families with a history of CADASIL mutation in the department of Antioquia, Colombia.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was conducted, with subjects being assigned to the CADASIL group or a control group according to genotyping for the R1031C and C455R mutation in Notch3. Each participant voluntarily signed the informed consent document and was submitted to neurological, neuropsychological and periodontal evaluation.

RESULTS

No significant differences were found between the two groups according to age, sex, schooling, tobacco smoking, cognitive status, functional status and the presence of natural teeth. The frequency of soft plaque, gingivitis and periodontal disease was significantly higher in the group of carriers of the CADASIL mutation than in the control group. The CADASIL group had six times more risk of having soft plaque above or equal to 20% than the control group. Prevalence of gingivitis above or equal to 10% was observed in all the members of the CADASIL group. The people in the CADASIL group had five times more risk of suffering periodontal disease than the control group.

CONCLUSIONS

Carriers of the CADASIL mutation displayed a higher prevalence and risk of periodontal disease.