Ultrasound Doppler as an Imaging Modality for Selection of Murine 4T1 Breast Tumors for Combination Radiofrequency Hyperthermia and Chemotherapy.

Noninvasive radiofrequency-induced (RF) hyperthermia has been shown to increase the perfusion of chemotherapeutics and nanomaterials through cancer tissue in ectopic and orthotopic murine tumor models. Additionally, mild hyperthermia (37°C-45°C) has previously shown a synergistic anticancer effect when used with standard-of-care chemotherapeutics such as gemcitabine and Abraxane. However, RF hyperthermia treatment schedules remain unoptimized, and the mechanisms of action of hyperthermia and how they change when treating various tumor phenotypes are poorly understood. Therefore, pretreatment screening of tumor phenotypes to identify key tumors that are predicted to respond more favorably to hyperthermia will provide useful mechanistic data and may improve therapeutic outcomes. Herein, we identify key biophysical tumor characteristics in order to predict the outcome of combinational RF and chemotherapy treatment. We demonstrate that ultrasound imaging using Doppler mode can be utilized to predict the response of combinational RF and chemotherapeutic therapy in a murine 4T1 breast cancer model.