carbonic acid/hypoxia

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[Sensitivity of individual impulseforming centers of the heart toward carbonic acid and hypoxia].

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Expression of hypoxia-inducible carbonic anhydrase-9 relates to angiogenic pathways and independently to poor outcome in non-small cell lung cancer.

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Carbonic anhydrase-9 (CA9), a transmembrane enzyme with an extracellular active site, is involved in the reversible metabolism of the carbon dioxide to carbonic acid. Up-regulation of CA by hypoxia and the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway has been recently postulated (Wykoff et al. Cancer

[Reaction of respiration neurons in the medulla on locus coeruleus irritation by hypoxia].

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Effects of locus coeruleus (LC) stimulation on the impulse activity of bulbar respiration neurons in rats were studied on a background of varying hypoxia. Different levels of hypoxia were used as an experiment model for ensuing summation of the LC effect. At the normal atmospheric pressure, LC

Activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor-pathway and stimulation of angiogenesis by application of prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors.

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Hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIF) mediate complex adaptations to reduced oxygen supply, including neoangiogenesis. Regulation of HIF occurs mainly through oxygen-dependent destruction of its alpha subunit. In the presence of oxygen, two HIFalpha prolyl residues undergo enzymatic

Hypoxia and the "reaction theory" of central respiratory chemosensitivity.

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In peripherally chemodenervated and vagotomized cats and rabbits, either spontaneously breathing or artificially ventilated, we studied the reaction of the respiratory control system to changes in the extracellular fluid (ECF) pH at the ventral surface of the medulla oblongata. The brainstem ECF-pH

A yeast three-hybrid system that reconstitutes mammalian hypoxia inducible factor regulatory machinery.

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BACKGROUND Several human pathologies, including neoplasia and ischemic cardiovascular diseases, course with an unbalance between oxygen supply and demand (hypoxia). Cells within hypoxic regions respond with the induction of a specific genetic program, under the control of the Hypoxia Inducible

Fatal Alliance of Hypoxia-/HIF-1α-Driven Microenvironmental Traits Promoting Cancer Progression.

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Inhospitable conditions within the tumor microenvironment (TME) are a characteristic feature ('hallmark') of most solid malignancies. Regional tumor hypoxia is a primary deficiency since it plays a key role in malignant progression. Severe hypoxia is often associated with other detrimental

Expression of hypoxia-related tissue factors in astrocytic gliomas. A multivariate survival study with emphasis upon carbonic anhydrase IX.

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Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is a transmembrane enzyme involved in the reversible metabolism of carbon dioxide to carbonic acid and, hence, in physiological pH regulation. It also participates in cellular differentiation and proliferation, its expression being absent in most normal tissues. It has

Hypoxia-regulated carbonic anhydrase-9 (CA9) relates to poor vascularization and resistance of squamous cell head and neck cancer to chemoradiotherapy.

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OBJECTIVE Carbonic anhydrases are proteins involved in the catalytic hydration of carbon dioxide to carbonic acid. Recent studies show that carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) is up-regulated by hypoxia and that its immunohistochemical tissue distribution follows the distribution of the radiosensitizer

[State of blood acid-base balance of the normal pregnant woman, fetus and newborn and with hypoxia and certain aspects of its regulation].

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A dependence is studied between changes in the HCO3- and CO2 levels, the content of pyruvate and lactate in blood and the manifestation of disturbances of external respiration in pregnant women suffering from the rheumatic and congenital heart disease. Changes in the carbonic acid level in the blood

Function of ion transporters in maintaining acid-base homeostasis of the mammary gland and the pathophysiological role in breast cancer.

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The incidence of breast cancer is increasing year by year, and the pathogenesis is still unclear. Studies have shown that the high metabolism of solid tumours leads to an increase in hypoxia, glycolysis, production of lactic acid and carbonic acid, and extracellular acidification; a harsh

The role of carbon dioxide in free radical reactions of the organism.

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Carbon dioxide interacts both with reactive nitrogen species and reactive oxygen species. In the presence of superoxide, NO reacts to form peroxynitrite that reacts with CO2 to give nitrosoperoxycarbonate. This compound rearranges to nitrocarbonate which is prone to further reactions. In an aqueous

Carbonic anhydrase IX expression correlates with FDG uptake by primary non-small cell lung cancer.

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Tumor cells are characterized by an increased rate of glucose consumption and glycolysis. This increased glucose consumption leads to tumor acidification, which represents a major obstacle for several therapeutic strategies. Tumor cells have adapted to this acidification by upregulation of several

Pulmonary vasodilator and vasoconstrictor actions of carbon dioxide.

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1. Three preparations were used to study the actions of CO(2) on the pulmonary vasculature: isolated rat and cat lungs perfused at a constant flow rate with homologous blood and a lobe of cat lung perfused at a constant flow rate in vivo. In all three changes in pulmonary artery pressure (P(Pa))

[Cerebrospinal fluid changes in severe craniocerebral injury and their therapy].

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The sign of a traumatically caused alveolar hyperventilation in severe cranio-cerebral injury is a respiratory alcalosis as well as hypoxia and hypoxemia in the arterial as well in the cerebral veneous blood. The combination of decreased oxygen tension or saturation and hypocapnia can exist for

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