hypercapnia/fatigue

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Cerebrovascular Reactivity Assessed With fNIRS as a Biomarker of TCVI After Acute Traumatic Brain Injury in Military

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Background and significance: Currently, more that 5.3 million Americans (or 2% of the population) live with disabilities resulting from TBI. Among OEF/OIF Veterans, TBI incidence estimates as high as 23% have been reported, with mild TBI (mTBI) being the most common.1 This proposal addresses the

Exogenous Melatonin in Intensive Care Unit Chronodisruption

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1. Rationale: 1.1. Sleep and the circadian rhythm: Sleep is usually considered to be a time of rest and recovery from the stress of daily life. It also plays a crucial role in the normal immune and endocrine systems. Studies showed that there is a link between sleep duration and a large variety of

Inspiratory Muscle Training in Difficult to Wean Patients

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1. Introduction. Weaning covers the entire process of liberating the patient from mechanical ventilation (MV) support and the endotracheal tube or tracheostomy. For the majority of mechanically-ventilated patients spontaneous breathing (weaning) can be successfully accomplished quickly and easily,

Early Caffeine in Preterm Neonates

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Caffeine is routinely administered to extremely preterm neonates as a respiratory stimulant to prevent or treat apnea of prematurity, or prolonged pauses in breathing in preterm babies. Caffeine, a methylxanthine, is an adenosine receptor antagonist that has the effects of relaxing smooth muscle in

The Effect of Melatonin on Sleep and Ventilatory Control in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

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OSA is a common sleep disorder characterized by repeated collapse of the upper airway during sleep causing bouts of hypercapnia and hypoxia, typically followed by arousal, hyperventilation and a subsequent apnea. The resultant swings in blood gases and fragmented sleep have been associated with

Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children: An Opportunity for Cardiovascular Risk Modification

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Statement of the Problem: In Canada, child and adolescent obesity, defined as a body mass index (BMI) of >95th percentile for age and gender1 represents one of the most common conditions effecting children in Canada with an obesity rate of 10% in 12-17 year old children, which currently equates to

USCOM For Assessing Patients With COPD

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death in the world, a lung disorder which is characterized by a partially reversible airflow limitation, which is usually progressive, and associated with an abnormal inflammatory response to noxious particles or gases. In

E-23596 - Use of NCPAP Cycling to Wean Preterm Infants

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Randomized Controlled Trial to Study the Effect of Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (NCPAP) Cycling on Successful Weaning when Compared with Continuous Nasal Positive Airway Pressure (NCPAP) in Premature Infants of 25-28 weeks gestations Background: In Canada, preterm babies of < 28 weeks

Closed-loop System for Oxygen Delivery and Exercise in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

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Background: In spite of oxygen therapy, desaturations frequently occur during exercise in COPD patients. Although current recommendations are to add 1 L/min to the baseline oxygen flow during exertion, a new closed-loop system (FreeO2) automatically and continuously adjusts the oxygen flow to the

Short Term Hemodynamic Effects of Controlled Slow Breathing With Biofeedback in Patients With Heart Failure

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Heart Failure (HF) is a growing and challenging public health concern in the United States. Current data suggest that there are about 5 million heart failure patients in this country with an additional 550,000 patients being diagnosed with this syndrome each year for the first time. Despite the

Can Erythropoietin Protect the Cerebral Blood Flow and Oxygenation During Simulated Dive?

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Background During facial cooling and especially during breath hold, can mammals - and also humans - elicit a so called dive reflex, causing bradycardia, peripheral vasoconstriction and centralization of blood flow to brain, lungs and heart (18 Foster et al 2005), but the reflex is suppressed by

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