iris/antidepressant

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Pharmacology of the human iris: development and use of challenge strategies in the study of antidepression response.

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Basic physiological and neurochemical control mechanisms of human iris musculature are reviewed. The advantages and limitations of using pupillary responses to cholinergic and adrenergic drug challenges as peripheral indices of neuronal receptor sensitivity, are examined. A group of 15 depressed

Interaction of desipramine and amitriptyline with adrenergic mechanisms in the human iris in vivo.

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Mydriatic responses of the pupil were evoked by locally instilled noradrenaline and methoxamine in eight healthy volunteers. The effects of three single oral doses (25 mg, 50 mg and 100 mg) of amitriptyline and desipramine were compared on the mydriatic responses. Both antidepressants potentiated

Amitriptyline and imipramine inhibit the release of acetylcholine from parasympathetic nerve terminals in the rat iris.

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The electrically stimulated release of [3H]acetylcholine from the parasympathetic nerve terminals of the rat iris in vitro is increased in a dose-dependent manner by scopolamine but is decreased by the tricyclic antidepressants amitriptyline and imipramine. The increased release in the presence of

Antidepressant treatment and chemical sympathectomy fail to modulate alpha 1-adrenoceptor sensitivity in mouse eye.

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The mydriatic response to alpha 1-adrenergic agonists was used as a functional index of postsynaptic alpha 1-adrenoceptors in mouse iris dilator muscle. Topical ocular application of methoxamine or phenylephrine caused dose-related mydriasis which was inhibited by pretreatment with prazosin or

Effect of a new series of bicyclic compounds with potential thymoleptic properties on the reserpine-resistant uptake mechanism of central and peripheral monoamine neurones in vivo and in vitro.

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1. Bicyclic compounds with potential thymoleptic properties (Lu-compounds) have recently become available, and their effects on the membrane pumps of the central and peripheral monoamine neurones have now been tested and compared with those of the tricyclic antidepressant drugs.2. Biochemical and

Short-term exposure to antidepressant drugs and risk of acute angle-closure glaucoma among older adults.

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Acute angle-closure glaucoma (AACG) is an ocular emergency that may be precipitated by certain types of medications. Antidepressant drugs can affect a number of neurotransmitters, which are involved in the regulation of the iris, which may precipitate AACG. We used a case-crossover study design to

Comparison of the antidepressants reboxetine, fluvoxamine and amitriptyline upon spontaneous pupillary fluctuations in healthy human volunteers.

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BACKGROUND Spontaneous fluctuations in the size of the pupil in darkness are a recognised index of "sleepiness". OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of single oral doses of three antidepressants: reboxetine (4 mg), a selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, fluvoxamine (100 mg), a selective

Comparison of the effects of venlafaxine, paroxetine and desipramine on the pupillary light reflex in man.

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BACKGROUND The time-course of the pupillary light reflex response is determined by the successive activation of the parasympathetic and sympathetic innervations of the iris, the latency and the amplitude reflecting parasympathetic and the recovery time mainly sympathetic activity. OBJECTIVE To

Citalopram associated with acute angle-closure glaucoma: case report.

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BACKGROUND Acute angle-closure glaucoma is a rare complication in patients receiving anti-depressant treatment. In the following case, we report the development of acute angle closure glaucoma in a patient who overdosed on Citalopram, an antidepressant, and discuss the possible etiological

The effects of venlafaxine on autonomic functions in healthy volunteers.

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Antidepressants that block norepinephrine uptake may cause unwanted effects on autonomic functions such as reduction of heart rate variability. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study examined the effects of venlafaxine on heart rate variability, vasoconstrictory responses (VRs) of

Comparison of the effects of chronic administration of ciclazindol and desipramine on pupillary responses to tyramine, methoxamine and pilocarpine in healthy volunteers.

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Twenty-nine healthy volunteers participated in an experiment lasting for 8 weeks: Phase I (2 weeks)--pre-treatment control period; Phase II (4 weeks)--medication with either ciclazindol hydrochloride (50 mg twice daily), or desipramine hydrochloride (50 mg twice daily) or lactose placebo (twice

Drug-induced acute angle closure glaucoma.

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OBJECTIVE Acute angle closure glaucoma is a potentially blinding side effect of a number of local and systemic drugs, including adrenergic, both anticholinergic and cholinergic, antidepressant and antianxiety, sulfa-based, and anticoagulant agents. The purpose of this article is to bring this

Effects of reboxetine and desipramine on the kinetics of the pupillary light reflex.

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1. The aim of the study was to examine the effects of single doses of two antidepressants (desipramine and reboxetine) on three kinetic parameters (latency, amplitude, 75% recovery time) of the pupillary light reflex response. 2. Six healthy male volunteers participated in three experimental

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between almorexant, a dual orexin receptor antagonist, and desipramine.

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Almorexant is a dual orexin receptor antagonist (DORA) with sleep-enabling effects in humans. Insomnia is often associated with mental health problems, including depression. Hence, potential interactions with antidepressants deserve attention. Desipramine was selected as a model drug because it is

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