phyla/necrosis

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A Meta-Transcriptomics Survey Reveals Changes in the Microbiota of the Chinese Mitten Crab Eriocheir sinensis Infected with Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease.

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Infection of the freshwater Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis with hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (HPND) has been a major problem in the crab-cultivated Chinese Province of Jiangsu since 2015. To explore the etiology of HPND, meta-transcriptomic libraries of the hepatopancreata from crabs

Discovery of Rickettsia species in Dermacentor niveus Neumann ticks by investigating the diversity of bacterial communities.

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Ticks (Dermacentor niveus Neumann) were collected from Tacheng, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and their bacterial diversity was investigated using the 16S RNA gene library method from one pooled sample. A total of 452 clones was successfully sequenced and assigned to 4 phyla. The dominant phylum

Clinical intervention using Bifidobacterium strains in celiac disease children reveals novel microbial modulators of TNF-α and short-chain fatty acids.

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OBJECTIVE Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated systemic disease, caused by ingestion of gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. Gut microbiota dysbiosis might play a significant role in pathogenesis of chronic enteropathies and its modulation can be used as an intervention strategy in CD

Dietary methionine can sustain cytosolic redox homeostasis in the mouse liver.

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Across phyla, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) transfers intracellular reducing power to thioredoxin reductase-1 (TrxR1) and glutathione reductase (GR), thereby supporting fundamental housekeeping and antioxidant pathways. Here we show that a third, NADPH-independent

The Evolutionary Origins of Programmed Cell Death Signaling.

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Programmed cell death (PCD) pathways are found in many phyla, ranging from developmentally programmed apoptosis in animals to cell-autonomous programmed necrosis pathways that limit the spread of biotrophic pathogens in multicellular assemblies. Prominent examples for the latter include animal

Cytokine signaling mediates UV-induced nociceptive sensitization in Drosophila larvae.

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BACKGROUND Heightened nociceptive (pain) sensitivity is an adaptive response to tissue damage and serves to protect the site of injury. Multiple mediators of nociceptive sensitization have been identified in vertebrates, but the complexity of the vertebrate nervous system and tissue-repair responses

Precambrian origins of the TNFR superfamily.

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The evolution of the tumor necrosis factor/tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNF/TNFR) is complicated and not well understood. To date, most TNFR studies have focused on vertebrate models leaving the role of TNFRs in invertebrates largely unexplored. The evolution of important cellular

Efficacy of Shenfu decoction on sepsis in rats with condition induced by cecal ligation and puncture

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Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Shenfu decoction (SFD) prepared with a traditional Chinese formula, on sepsis in rats with the condition induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), and to study the possible mechanism underlying

Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria induce different patterns of cytokine production in human mononuclear cells irrespective of taxonomic relatedness.

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Upon bacterial stimulation, tissue macrophages produce a variety of cytokines that orchestrate the immune response that clears the infection. We have shown that Gram-positives induce higher levels of interleukin-12 (IL-12), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) from human

Parasite-induced alterations of sensorimotor pathways in gammarids: collateral damage of neuroinflammation?

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Some larval helminths alter the behavior of their intermediate hosts in ways that favor the predation of infected hosts, thus enhancing trophic transmission. Gammarids (Crustacea: Amphipoda) offer unique advantages for the study of the proximate factors mediating parasite-induced behavioral changes.

Venomous animals: clinical toxinology.

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Venomous animals occur in numerous phyla and present a great diversity of taxa, toxins, targets, clinical effects and outcomes. Venomous snakes are the most medically significant group globally and may injure >1.25 million humans annually, with up to 100 000 deaths and many more cases with long-term

Human, donkey and cow milk differently affects energy efficiency and inflammatory state by modulating mitochondrial function and gut microbiota.

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Different nutritional components are able, by modulating mitochondrial function and gut microbiota composition, to influence body composition, metabolic homeostasis and inflammatory state. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects produced by the supplementation of different milks on energy

The protective effect of eupafolin against TNF-α-induced lung inflammation via the reduction of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression.

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BACKGROUND Eupafolin, a major bioactive compound found in Phyla nodiflora, has the anti-inflammatory property. Upregulation of cell adhesion molecules in the lung airway epithelium is associated with the epithelium-leukocyte interaction and plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of lung airway

Viruses and the origin of microbiome selection and immunity.

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The last common metazoan ancestor (LCMA) emerged over half a billion years ago. These complex metazoans provided newly available niche space for viruses and microbes. Modern day contemporaries, such as cnidarians, suggest that the LCMA consisted of two cell layers: a basal endoderm and a

Neutrophilic Asthma Is Associated with Increased Airway Bacterial Burden and Disordered Community Composition.

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Neutrophilic asthma (NA) is an important asthma inflammatory phenotype associated with disease severity, airflow limitation, and steroid resistance, and its mechanism is still uncertain. Evidences suggest a potential role for bacteria in its pathogenesis, but, so far, this remains poorly understood.

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