Anti-inflammatory tirucallane saponins from Paramignya scandens.

Five new tirucallane saponins, paramignyosides A-E (1-5), were isolated from the water fraction of the Paramignya scandens stem and leaves. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence including high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS) and one dimensional (1D)- and 2D-NMR. The effects of isolated compounds on pro-inflammatory cytokines were evaluated by measuring the production of interleukin (IL)-12 p40, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). Paramignyoside C (3) exhibited selective and potent inhibitory effect (IC50=5.03±0.19 µM) on the production of IL-12 p40 comparable to that of the positive control, SB203580 (IC50=5.00±0.16 µM). Further studies are required to confirm efficacy in vivo and the mechanism of anti-inflammatory effects.