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One of the most common clinical presentations associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) is stable angina, which can be translated clinically into chest discomfort (or equivalent) evoked by different levels of physical activity depending on the extent of the disease. In the United States, it is
Background: Despite drug-eluting stents (DES), diabetic patients remain at high risk of restenosis and poor clinical outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Studies have suggested poor glycemic control and insulin resistance may be predictors of poor outcomes after PCI. There are
The activation of inflammatory pathways plays an important contributory role in coronary plaque instability and subsequent rupture, which can lead to the development of acute coronary syndromes. Elevated levels of serum inflammatory markers such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)
Males with coronary heart disease have lower serum levels of bioavailable testosterone than men of a similar age with normal coronary angiograms (English, European Heart Journal, 2000). Low plasma testosterone has been associated with known risk factors for CHD, including age, obesity,