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The effects and toxicity of cathinones from the users' perspectives: A qualitative study.

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The objective of this study is to explore the users' perspectives regarding the effects and toxicity of cathinones. A systematic search of Internet discussion forums yielded 303 threads relevant to the research objectives. The threads were analysed by conventional content analysis where concepts

Effects of amphetamine derivatives and cathinone on noradrenaline-evoked contractions of rat right ventricle.

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We have compared the effects of methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA), methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) and cathinone on contractions to noradrenaline and isoprenaline in 1 Hz paced rat right ventricular strips. Noradrenaline increased the force of contraction of

Coronary and aortic vasoconstriction by cathinone, the active constituent of khat.

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1. The psychostimulant constituent of khat leaves, S-(-)-cathinone, was examined for vascular activity on the coronary vasculature of guinea-pig-isolated perfused hearts and aortic ring preparations. 2. Cathinone caused coronary vasoconstriction, negative inotropy and negative chronotropy in

Synthetic cathinones ("bath salts").

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BACKGROUND Synthetic cathinones are popularly referred to in the media as "bath salts." Through the direct and indirect activation of the sympathetic nervous system, smoking, snorting, or injecting synthetic cathinones can result in tachycardia, hypertension, hyperthermia, myocardial infarction, and

Khat chewing is a risk factor for acute myocardial infarction: a case-control study.

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OBJECTIVE Khat chewing is a common habit in Yemen and east African countries. Millions of people chew khat leaves daily for its euphoric and energetic effects and to increase alertness. Cathinone, the main active substance in fresh khat leaves, has sympathomimetic effects which increase heart rate

[Synthetic cannabinoids: spread, addiction biology & current perspective of personal health hazard].

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Among the new psychoactive substances (NPS), most frequently synthetic cannabinoids (SCBs) have been found in Europe. These are sold as active compounds in e. g. so-called "herbal blends". When inhaled or ingested, besides intoxication symptoms, as they occur with heavy cannabis use (e. g.,

Effect of Khat on apoptosis and related gene Smac/DIABLO expression in the cerebral cortex of rats following transient focal ischemia.

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BACKGROUND The leaves of the Khat shrub contain the major alkaloid compounds (cathinone) and cathine. These compounds can induce apoptosis and exacerbate the acute cerebral infarction, but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Khat

Catha edulis Extract Induces H9c2 Cell Apoptosis by Increasing Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Activation of Mitochondrial Proteins.

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BACKGROUND Catha edulis (Khat) is an evergreen shrub or small tree, traditionally used by various peoples of the Arabian Peninsula and Africa as an integral component of the socioeconomic traditions. It is believed that the psychostimulant nature and toxic nature of khat is primarily due to the

"Bath salts" induced severe reversible cardiomyopathy.

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METHODS Male, 27 FINAL DIAGNOSIS: Bath salt induced cardiomyopathy Symptoms: Agitation • fever • pedal edema METHODS Intravenous nor-epinephrine for less than 6 hours Clinical Procedure: - Specialty: Internal medicine • cardiology. OBJECTIVE Unusual clinical course. BACKGROUND "Bath salts" is the

Stimulant and Designer Drug Use: Primary Care Management.

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Approximately 10% of the U.S. population 12 years and older reported using illicit substances in 2015. This article reviews the clinical effects and treatment of persons who use cocaine, methamphetamines, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), synthetic cannabinoids, and synthetic cathinones

A fatal intoxication related to MDPV and pentedrone combined with antipsychotic and antidepressant substances in Cyprus.

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This is a case report of a fatal intoxication in Cyprus related to 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) and 2-(methylamino)-1-phenylpentan-1-one (pentedrone) intake combined with antipsychotic and antidepressant substances. A 42- year old man with a history of serious psychiatric illness was found

Psychoactive "bath salts" intoxication with methylenedioxypyrovalerone.

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Abuse of the psychoactive "designer drug" methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) has become a serious international public health concern because of the severity of its physical and behavioral toxicities. MDPV is the primary ingredient in so-called "bath salts," labeled as such to avoid criminal

Khat chewing, cardiovascular diseases and other internal medical problems: the current situation and directions for future research.

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The leaves of khat (Catha edulis Forsk.) are chewed as a social habit for the central stimulant action of their cathinone content. This review summarizes the prevalence of the habit worldwide, the actions, uses, constituents and adverse health effects of khat chewing. There is growing concern about

The potential adverse effects of habitual use of Catha edulis (khat).

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The habit of Catha edulis Forsk (khat) chewing has prevailed for centuries among populations in the horn of Africa and the Arabian peninsula. Fresh leaves of Catha edulis are customarily chewed to attain a state of stimulation. The fact that cathinone has a closer structural similarity with

Khat: pharmacological and medical aspects and its social use in Yemen.

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Fresh leaves of the khat tree (Catha edulis Forsk.) are chewed for their euphoric properties in East Africa and parts of the Middle East, such as The Yemen. This review describes the history, cultivation and constituents of khat, and the social aspects of khat chewing in Yemen. The major

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