Assigned to a community led total sanitation (CLTS) intervention, carried out by the government with support from Unicef (n=60 communities). The CLTS intervention includes a triggering session facilitated by the government to encourage community members to build their own latrines and stop open defecation. Regular monitoring is conducted by government program staff until the community is declared open defecation free.

No intervention will be delivered (n=61 communities)

Diarrhea

Respiratory Infection

The goal of CLTS is to obtain Open Defecation Free (ODF) villages. CLTS aims to trigger the community's desire for change, propel them into action and encourage innovation, mutual support and appropriate local solutions, in order to foster greater ownership and sustainability. The phases are: pre-triggering (a group of trained-CLTS people visit the community and request a date to discuss sanitation-related issues for the following days), triggering (people are made to express their views on sanitation issues and their needs), monitoring (involves visits of the community twice a week for a period of 1-3 months) and certification (an external committee evaluates the village for certification as an ODF community).

CLTS

Rural Communities in Mali

Evaluating the Impact of Community Led Total Sanitation Programs in Mali

Evaluating the Impact of Community Led Total Sanitation in Mali. A Randomized Controlled Trial

Defined as 3 or more loose or watery defecation events in a 24 hour period. Measured using a 2-day and 2-week recall period.

Child's length, standardized to Z-scores using the WHO 2006 growth standards, measured 24 months after baseline.

Child's length, standardized to Z-scores using the WHO 2006 growth standards, measured 24 months after baseline. Children with length-for-age Z-scores < - 2 will be classified as stunted.

Child's weight, standardized to Z-scores using the WHO 2006 growth standards, measured 24 months after baseline.

Child's weight, standardized to Z-scores using the WHO 2006 growth standards, measured 24 months after baseline. Children with weight-for-age Z-scores < - 2 will be classified as underweight.

Experimental games can be used to estimate the level of cooperation within communities. A first goal would be to test if and how communication and public exposure of contributions for a public good to the group scrutiny affects the level of cooperation. A public good experiment involves providing endowments to players and asking them to choose how much of their resources to invest in a group project. When making their decision, they know that the experimenter will collect all contributions, double the amount and redistribute it among participants. They are asked to all put their chosen amount in an envelope at the same time and without discussing it. In this situation, no one, except the experimenter, knows how much each of them contributes, but they do know the total contribution. An interesting variation on this game is to let the group members talk before they fill their envelop. Another variation consists in changing the nature of contributions from private to public.

fraxinus lanuginosa/diarrea

Evaluating the Impact of Community Led Total Sanitation Programs in Mali

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