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ginkgolide c/ginkgo
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Three ginkgolide hydrates from Ginkgo biloba L.: ginkgolide A monohydrate, ginkgolide C sesquihydrate and ginkgolide J dihydrate, all determined at 120 K.
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A low-temperature structure of ginkgolide A monohydrate, (1R,3S,3aS,4R,6aR,7aR,7bR,8S,10aS,11aS)-3-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-hexahydro-4,7b-dihydroxy-8-methyl-9H-1,7a-epoxymethano-1H,6aH-cyclopenta[c]furo[2,3-b]furo[3',2':3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-d]furan-5,9,12(4H)-trione monohydrate, C(20)H(24)O(9) x H(2)O,
Preparation and Physicochemical and Pharmacokinetic Characterization of Ginkgo Lactone Nanosuspensions for Antiplatelet Aggregation.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of nanosuspensions (NSs) in improving the dissolution and absorption of poorly water-soluble ginkgo lactones (GLs), including ginkgolide A, ginkgolide B, and ginkgolide C. Liquid GL-NSs were prepared by a combined bottom-up and top-down approach
Isoform-selective activation of human constitutive androstane receptor by Ginkgo biloba extract: functional analysis of the SV23, SV24, and SV25 splice variants.
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Naturally occurring splice variants of human constitutive androstane receptor (hCAR) exist, including hCAR-SV23 (insertion of amino acids SPTV), hCAR-SV24 (APYLT), and hCAR-SV25 (SPTV and APYLT). An extract of Ginkgo biloba was reported to activate hCAR-SV24 and the wild type (hCAR-WT). However, it
Anti-apoptotic properties of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 in differentiated PC12 cells.
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Standard Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (EGb 761) has been known to have neuroprotective effects ranging from molecular and cellular, to animal and human studies, however, the cellular and molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Using PC 12 cells, a well-established model for studying neuroprotection, we
GABAA receptor cysteinyl mutants and the ginkgo terpenoid lactones bilobalide and ginkgolides.
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The terpenoid lactones from Ginkgo biloba, bilobalide and ginkgolides, have been shown to act as negative modulators at α1β2γ2L GABAA receptors. They have structural features similar to those of the chloride channel blocker picrotoxinin. Unlike picrotoxinin, however they are not known to produce
Evaluation of Ginkgo biloba extract as an activator of human glucocorticoid receptor.
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BACKGROUND
Ginkgo biloba, which is one of the most frequently used herbal medicines, is commonly used in the management of several conditions, including memory impairment. Previously, it was reported to decrease the expression of peripheral benzodiazepine receptor and the biosynthesis of
Human pregnane X receptor agonism by Ginkgo biloba extract: assessment of the role of individual ginkgolides.
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Ginkgo biloba extract activates pregnane X receptor (PXR), but how this occurs is not known. Therefore, we investigated the mechanism of PXR activation by the extract and the role of five individual terpene trilactones in the activation. In a cell-based reporter gene assay, G. biloba extract
Distinct role of bilobalide and ginkgolide A in the modulation of rat CYP2B1 and CYP3A23 gene expression by Ginkgo biloba extract in cultured hepatocytes.
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In the present study, primary cultures of rat hepatocytes were treated for 48 h with one of several extracts of Ginkgo biloba (10, 100, or 1000 microg/ml). Maximal increase in CYP2B1 and CYP3A23 mRNA levels was obtained at 100 microg/ml. This concentration of G. biloba extract also increased CYP3A2
Effects of extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves and its constituents on carcinogen-metabolizing enzyme activities and glutathione levels in mouse liver.
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The effects of a standardized extract of Ginkgo biloba L. leaves (EGb) and its terpene constituents, bilobalide and ginkgolides, on the activities of detoxification enzymes, i.e., glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and DT-diaphorase, and glutathione contents, were investigated in the mouse liver.
Spectroscopic investigation of Ginkgo biloba terpene trilactones and their interaction with amyloid peptide Abeta(25-35).
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The beneficial effects of Ginkgo biloba extract in the "treatment" of dementia are attributed to its terpene trilactone (TTL) constituents. The interactions between TTLs and amyloid peptide are believed to be responsible in preventing the aggregation of peptide. These interactions have been
Ginkgo biloba leaf extract reverses amyloid beta-peptide-induced isoprostane production in rat brain in vitro.
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Isoprostanes are prostaglandin (PG) isomers generated from oxygen radical peroxidation of arachidonic acid, which are reliable markers of membrane oxidative damage. Aging is characterized by an imbalance between the generation of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant detoxification pathways.
An anxiolytic-like effect of Ginkgo biloba extract and its constituent, ginkgolide-A, in mice.
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The anxiolytic-like effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) and its four terpenoid components (ginkgolide-A, ginkgolide-B, ginkgolide-C, and bilobalide) were assessed using the elevated plus-maze test in mice. Administration of GBE as a single oral dose (0.5 or 1 g/kg, po) caused a state of
Comparative Electropharmacological Actions of Some Constituents from Ginkgo biloba Extract in Guinea-pig Ventricular Cardiomyocytes.
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Effects of the constituents from Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) on the action potentials and the ionic currents in guinea pig ventricular cardiomyocytes were investigated using whole-cell and current-clamp techniques. The constituents, ginkgolides A, B, C and quercetin, had depressant effects at
Ontogenic Aspects of Ginkgolide Production in Ginkgo biloba.
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The ontogenic aspects of ginkgolide production were studied by using GINKGO BILOBA seedlings, greenhouse plants, young trees, mature trees cuttings, and plant tissue cultures. Ginkgolide yield appeared to be increased with the age of the plants when the plants were grown under the same environmental
Two new nonacosanetriols from Ginkgo biloba sarcotesta.
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Two new fatty alcohols named as (7S,8R,11S)-nonacosanetriol (1) and (10R,12R,15S)-nonacosanetriol (2), along with eight known compounds including ginkgolic acid (3), hydroginkgolic acid (4), sciadopitysin (5), ginkgetin (6), isoginkgetin (7), ginkgolide A (8), ginkgolide B (9) and ginkgolide C (10)
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