The first group will receive a decalogue of healthy tips (general, to lead an active life) based on the best available evidence, and several strips of neuromuscular bandage will be applied on areas that refer pain (cervical, lumbosacral, both or wrist-forearm).

Breast Neoplasms

Neuromuscular taping

Regional University Hospital Virgen de la Victoria

Effect of Kinesiotaping for the Treatment of Hormone-induced Myalgia in Women Given Breast Cancer Survivors

Effect of Kinesiotaping for the Treatment of Hormone-induced Myalgia in Women: Randomised Controlled Trial

A record will be kept of some medical data such as tumor grade, types carried, complementary treatments and end date, and the type of hormone therapy received and start date. The possible presence of comorbidities will also be collected.
Genetic determinants. Analyze genetic determinants due to the importance of genetic background on AIA and abandonment of therapy (Garcia-Giralt N., 2013). Estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), aromatase (CYP19A1) and steroid, 17-alpha-hydroxylase / 17,20 lyase (CYP17A1) (Garcia-Giralt N., 2013), (Henry NL, 2012) and (Mao JJ, 2011) have been selected as candidate genes.
Samples for extracting genes will be collected in both cases with controls on the baseline and the end of it. The DNA is extracted from whole blood using the DNA Blood Maxi Qiafilter (Qiagen, Inc., Valencia, CA) (Henry NL, 2013) kit.

This questionnaire will contain information on the following variables: gender and date of birth, marital status... Add basic anthropometric data such as weight, height, BMI, waist circumference and hip.

For our analysis investigators use four plasma proteins: serum amyloid A, collectin, immunoglobulin G (IgG) light chain kappa and add C1Q (Minton O., 2013).

The pain threshold pressure is defined as the minimum amount of pressure with which an initial feeling of pressure switches to pain. (Vanderweeën L. 1996). PPT measurements were performed on:
Cervical Musculature in space interapofisario C5-C6.
Lumbosacral Musculature: an L4 level on the erector spinae muscle.
Median nerve as it passes through the carpal bones.

This instrument will be used to measure grip strength of both upper limbs. This test of strength has been previously used to measure the loss of strength in breast cancer survivors (Kaya T, 2010), even in cases where patients were treated with IAs (Lintermans A., 2011) . The dynamometer has proven to be the safest [ICC = 0.98] and most valid [ICC = 0.99] method to measure grip strength of the hand. (Bellace JV, 2000).

This is a scale to measure the profile of mood states. It consists of 65 items with five possible answers. The questionnaire delivered to patients is frequently used for study of breast cancer survivors (Cantarero-Villanueva, 2011). The reliability of the Spanish version of the POMS is high (Cronbach's α ranging from .76 to 0.91).

Tool used to determine the degree of perception that cancer patients have of their feelings of fatigue and how it alters their quality of life.
This short version of the questionnaire proved to be adequate, with values of Kaiser-Meyer-Oklin (0.89) and Bartlett's sphericity test (P <0.001) index. The goodness of fit indices of confirmatory factor analysis are (normed fit index = 0.91 and = 0.92 comparative rate setting) satisfactory. The test-retest reliability of this questionnaire is very good (r = 0.947, P <0.001). (AI Cuesta-Vargas, 2013).

This is a specific questionnaire for cancer, "core", created by the EORTC Group. It consists of 30 items to assess HRQOL and physical, emotional, social status and overall functioning of patients diagnosed with cancer. The questions refer to the last week from the date on which the respondent completed the form. It is organised in several multi-item scales and some independent items. The reliability of the QLQ-C30 is adequate, with Cronbach Alpha values between 0.52 and 0.89 in different scales. (Moro D.,2011)

The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was designed to allow a subjective assessment of pain. A VAS is usually a horizontal line of 10 cm. with perpendicular lines at the ends, which are defined as the extreme limits of the painful experience. Previous studies have shown that the VAS has adequate psychometric properties, including test-retest reliability (r = 0.78) and convergent validity with other measures of pain such as the McGill Pain Questionnaire (r = 0.49 to 0.65) (Sriwatanakul K ., 1983).

For this study we will use the Spanish version (SFI-Sp), since it has proven to be a valid and reliable measure of the spinal region result. This regional tool reflects the status and any change in the kinetic chain of the spine. This questionnaire has demonstrated high internal consistency (α = 0.85) and reliability (r = 0.96) (AI Cuesta-Vargas, 2014).

This study uses the Spanish version (ULFI-Sp). This questionnaire has demonstrated high internal consistency (α = 0.94) and reliability (r = 0.93), making it a very useful tool for the evaluation of patients with disorders of the upper limbs, in both the clinical and research fields (AI Cuesta-Vargas, 2013).

This Index includes a score for five movements of the trunk upright that result in Back Pain Index (BAI) and a record of "Morning Stiffness in the Back" (MBS). The sum of the BAI and MBS gives the BADIX (max. 20 points) (Kovacs FM, 2002).
The BADIX appears to be a valid and reliable tool for the evaluation of morning stiffness restricting the mobility of the back, and discriminates whether the result of a treatment has been successful or not. (Farasyn A., 2013).
This new Back Pain Disability index seems reliable (test-retest after 3 days) and is valid in the case of significant clinical change; it has also been shown to have discriminatory power and effect size comparable to other indices in assessing disability of patients with low back pain sensitivity. (Farasyn A., 2013).

Dr. Antonio I Cuesta-Vargas

Professor of Faculty of Health Sciences

University of Malaga

The hospital that will be the intervention site will have access to the OPTIMUM e-health tool. The intervention site cancer care team will receive the following OPTIMUM e-health alerts:
An electronic alert of increased Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy discontinuation risk.
An adherence to Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy monitor.
An electronic discontinuation occurrence alert

The hospital that will be the control site will not have access to the OPTIMUM e-health tool. The cancer care team will continue to deliver care according to standard processes.

Medication Adherence

If you are treated in a hospital that is using the OPTIMUM e-health tool ("intervention" group), once your care team receives any alerts, they may choose to:
Contact you over the phone or in person to provide medical advice on how to better take your pills,
Contact your pharmacist(s) and other doctors about your anti-cancer treatment.

OPTIMUM e-health tool

McGill University Health Centre

A Novel E-Health Approach in Optimizing Treatment for Seniors (OPTIMUM Study)

Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy in Breast Therapy in Breast Cancer: A Novel E-Health Approach in Optimizing Treatment for Seniors (OPTIMUM Study)

In each trial arm, the proportion of patients discontinuing AET treatment will be calculated as the number of patients discontinuing AET treatment divided by the total number of patients in that trial arm.

In each trial arm, the proportion of patients who are prescribed AET treatment but do not fill any prescriptions will be calculated as the number of patients with primary non-adherence divided by the total number of patients in that trial arm.

In each trial arm, the proportion of patients re-initiating after a discontinuation of AET treatment will be calculated as the number of patients who start taking AET after a period of stopping divided by the total number of patients that discontinued in that trial arm.

In each trial arm, mean time to AET treatment re-initiation will be calculated as the average number of days for a patient who has stopped taking AET treatment to start again, among those who start again (re-initiate).

In each trial arm, the proportion of patients that maintain a Medical Possession Ratio ≥80% will be calculated as the proportion patients whose proportion of number of days covered by medication supply in the treatment period is ≥80%.

Upon alert receipt that a patient is at risk of discontinuing adjuvant endocrine therapy treatment or has discontinued AET treatment, for that patient, if a member of the cancer care team called the patient will be assessed qualitatively (yes/no) and quantitatively (if yes, time in number of days before the patient was called).

Upon alert receipt that a patient is at risk of discontinuing adjuvant endocrine therapy treatment or has discontinued AET treatment, for that patient, if a member of the cancer care team called the patient's pharmacist will be assessed qualitatively (yes/no) and quantitatively (if yes, time in number of days before the patient's pharmacist was called).

Upon alert receipt that a patient is at risk of discontinuing adjuvant endocrine therapy treatment or has discontinued AET treatment, for that patient, if a member of the cancer care team arranged for the patient to return to the clinic to see the doctor will be assessed qualitatively (yes/no) and quantitatively (if yes, time in number of days before the cancer care team arranged a return to clinic with doctor).

Upon alert receipt that a patient is at risk of discontinuing adjuvant endocrine therapy treatment or has discontinued AET treatment, for that patient, if a member of the cancer care team arranged for the patient to return to the clinic to see the nurse will be assessed qualitatively (yes/no) and quantitatively (if yes, time in number of days before the cancer care team arranged a return to clinic with nurse).

Upon alert receipt that a patient is at risk of discontinuing adjuvant endocrine therapy treatment or has discontinued AET treatment, for that patient, if a member of the cancer care team referred the patient to a doctor will be assessed qualitatively (yes/no) and quantitatively (if yes, time in number of days before the cancer care team referred the patient to a doctor). Note that this action is different than the outcome "arrange for return to clinic with doctor" because this outcome occurs when a nurse directly schedules a patient to see a specific doctor without discussing with a doctor first.

Upon alert receipt that a patient is at risk of discontinuing adjuvant endocrine therapy treatment or has discontinued AET treatment, for that patient, if a member of the cancer care team referred the patient to a cancer nurse will be assessed qualitatively (yes/no) and quantitatively (if yes, time in number of days before the cancer care team referred the patient to a cancer nurse).

Upon alert receipt that a patient is at risk of discontinuing adjuvant endocrine therapy treatment, for that patient, if no action by the cancer care team was taken will be assessed qualitatively (yes/no) and quantitatively (how many alerts per patient were ignored). Note that "ignore the alert" is an explicit option that care teams can specify. They will be trained to understand that the "ignore the alert" option represents that the patient has not discontinued AET treatment and that they are of the opinion that the patient is not at risk of discontinuing AET treatment despite reading the alert.

Upon alert receipt that a patient is at risk of discontinuing adjuvant endocrine therapy treatment or has discontinued AET treatment, for that patient, if no changes by the cancer care team were taken will be assessed qualitatively (yes/no) and quantitatively (how many alerts per patient were ignored). Note that this "no changes" is an explicit option that care teams can specify. They will be trained to understand that the "no changes" option represents that the patient requires other considerations beyond adhering to AET such as is stopping AET for upcoming surgery or no longer is indicated for AET based on disease progression (for e.g., brain metastases).

Any care team action that cannot be described by the predefined actions will be described by the care team in a free-text field for subsequent qualitative analysis. An overall theme or logical grouping of these qualitative outcomes will be explored and reported upon.

Ari Meguerditchian

Surgical Oncologist, McGill University Health Centre

McGill University Health Centre/Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre

The intervention condition will receive the same guidelines as the comparison condition but will also be provided with family physical activity planning material.

The standard (comparison group) package will consist of Canada's family guide to physical activity guidelines recommending 60 minutes of activity a day in bouts as short as five to ten minutes for children and a breakdown of ways for the family to achieve this physical activity (structured, unstructured, endurance, strength, activities, less than 60 minutes of sustained sedentary activity, reduce screen viewing by 30 min per day) commensurate with this guide. This will include the new insert by CSEP. The guide also contains arguments and information about the benefits of physical activity.

Physical Activity

This material will include skill training content (workbook how to plan for family physical activity) and practical material to create a plan (i.e., a colourful dry erase wall calendar for family activities with fridge magnets). The skill training material for planning is based on several streams of prior work in the adult physical activity literature. Families were instructed to plan for "when," "where," "how," and "what" physical activity will be performed commensurate with the creation of implementation intentions/action planning. The workbook, however, also focuses on problem solving barriers to physical activity which is more akin to coping planning and traditional goal setting.

Family physical activity planning

Behavioural Medicine Laboratory

Family Planning to Promote Regular Physical Activity

Family Planning to Promote Regular Physical Activity: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Children's physical activity will be quantified by accelerometry. Children will wear an accelerometer for a minimum of 10 hours per day for 7 days at baseline and 6 months. Additionally this measure will assess intermediate outcomes at 6 weeks and 3 months.

Parent's physical activity will be quantified by accelerometry. Parents will wear an accelerometer for 7 days at baseline, 6 weeks, 3 and 6 months, for a minimum of 10 hours per day.

Motivations for family based physical activity and personal physical activity will be measured using the constructs of the TPB and SDT including affective attitude, instrumental attitude, injunctive norm, descriptive norm, perceived control, behavioural, normative, control beliefs, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and amotivation. The Behavioural Regulations in Exercise Questionnaire-2 (BREQ-2) will be completed by both parents and the target child. Change in motivation variables will be examined (6 weeks minus baseline).

The target child will complete a modified version of the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C) to assess habitual moderate to vigorous physical activity. The Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire (LSI) will be used to measure self-reported physical activity in parents. The LSI contains three questions, which assess the frequency of mild, moderate, and strenuous activity performed for at least 15 minutes during free time in a typical week. Change in self-reported physical activity will be examined (6 weeks minus baseline).

Quality of life will be assessed with parents using the Satisfaction with Life Scale and the 12 item Short Form Health Survey. The target child's quality of life will be assessed using the 5-item Satisfaction with Life Scale Adapted for Children (SWLS-C). Change in health-related quality of life/ psychosocial distress from baseline to 6 months (i.e., post-intervention) will be examined.

The physical home environment will be assessed using three sections from the Active Where surveys (i.e., Section A. equipment checklist, Section P. Home Environment, & Section R. Sedentary Behavior). The Active Where surveys include items designed to to assess how the physical environment impacts the physical activity and eating behaviors of youth. Change in physical environment will be examined from baseline to 6 months (post-intervention).

Skinfolds (triceps, biceps, subscapular, supra iliac, medial calf) will be measured using standard anthropometric procedures. Change in body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and sum of 5 sites will be examined from baseline to 6 months (post-intervention)

A single state treadmill walking test will be used to assess cardiovascular fitness in both parents and target child. Heart rate, and blood pressure (sphygmomanometer and a stethoscope) will be monitored at rest and during exercise. Change in cardiovascular fitness from baseline to 6 months (i.e., post-intervention) will be examined.

Motivations for physical activity will be using the constructs of the TPB and SDT including affective attitude, instrumental attitude, injunctive norm, descriptive norm, perceived control, behavioural, normative, control beliefs, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and amotivation. The BREQ-2 will be completed by both parents and the target child. Change in motivation variables will be examined (3 months minus baseline).

The target child will complete a modified version of the PAQ-C to assess habitual moderate to vigorous physical activity. The LSI will be used to measure self-reported physical activity in parents. The LSI contains three questions, which assess the frequency of mild, moderate, and strenuous activity performed for at least 15 minutes during free time in a typical week. Change in self-reported physical activity will be examined (3 months minus baseline).

Motivations for physical activity will be using the constructs of the TPB and SDT including affective attitude, instrumental attitude, injunctive norm, descriptive norm, perceived control, behavioural, normative, control beliefs, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and amotivation. The BREQ-2 will be completed by both parents and the target child. Change in motivation variables will be examined (6 months minus baseline).

The target child will complete a modified version of the PAQ-C to assess habitual moderate to vigorous physical activity. The LSI will be used to measure self-reported physical activity in parents. The LSI contains three questions, which assess the frequency of mild, moderate, and strenuous activity performed for at least 15 minutes during free time in a typical week. Change in self-reported physical activity will be examined (6 months minus baseline)

Physical activity habits will be measured using 4 items.

Strategies for planning family based physical activity and personal physical activity will be measure using 12 items. Changes in strategies and goal commitment will be examined (6 weeks minus baseline).

Strategies for planning family based physical activity and personal physical activity will be measure using 12 items. Changes in strategies and goal commitment will be examined (3 months minus baseline).

Strategies for planning family based physical activity and personal physical activity will be measure using 12 items. Changes in strategies and goal commitment will be examined (6 months minus baseline).

Grip strength, push ups, sit & reach flexibility, partial curl-ups, vertical jump,and back extension will be measured to determine the musculoskeletal fitness of both the children and parents using the Canadian CSEP standardized protocols. Change in musculoskeletal fitness from baseline to 6 months (i.e., post-intervention) will be examined.

victoria/cáncer de mama

Effect of Kinesiotaping for the Treatment of Hormone-induced Myalgia in Women Given Breast Cancer Survivors

A Novel E-Health Approach in Optimizing Treatment for Seniors (OPTIMUM Study)

Family Planning to Promote Regular Physical Activity

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