All pregnant women who attended the Royal Victoria Maternity Hospital, Belfast were eligible to participate unless they met one or more exclusion criteria.
All eligible women from the Belfast centre were invited to take part in a prospective observational study involving an additional fasting serum sample for lipids at 28 weeks gestation and long term follow up of their HAPO offspring. Only those women who had remained blinded to oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results during pregnancy were included (fasting plasma glucose ≤5·8 mmol/L and 2-hour glucose ≤11·1 mmol/L). Offspring from these pregnancies had anthropometric measurements performed within 72 hours of birth and at age 5-7 years.

Serum samples remain for a number of participants.

Adiposity

Participants had to be pregnant to take part in study and therefore only female participants could be selected.

Maternal Lipids and Offspring Adiposity at 5-7 Years

Maternal Lipids at 28 Weeks Gestation and Offspring Adiposity at Age 5-7 Years in the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome Study

Adiposity expressed as body mass index (BMI) Z score

Sum of triceps, subscapular and suprailiac

Belfast Health and Social Care Trust

Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)

Diabetes UK

Glutamine dipeptide (20g/day) in 300 ml of water and ingest it after lunch during 7 days. In case of forgetfulness, they were suggested to ingest it soon after dinner. All participants were instructed to maintain their routine eating habits throughout the duration of the study. On the seventh and last day of supplementation, they were submitted to the resistance training session.

Maltodextrin (20g/day) in 300 ml of water and ingest it after lunch during 7 days. In case of forgetfulness, they were suggested to ingest it soon after dinner. All participants were instructed to maintain their routine eating habits throughout the duration of the study. On the seventh and last day of supplementation, they were submitted to the resistance training session.

Glutamine; Metabolic Disorder

Physical Activity

Glutamine and exercise

Maltodextrin and exercise

Effect of Supplementation With Glutamine and Exercise in Women With HIV/AIDS

Impact of Physical Exercise Associated With Glutamine Supplementation in Health Indicators of People Living With HIV/AIDS

On the seventh day of supplementation all participants did cognitive function tests before and immediately after a resistance training session.

On the seventh day of supplementation all participants had blood collected before, 1 hour and 2 hours after a resistance training session.

Ademar Avelar de Almeida Junior

Principal Investigator

State University of Maringá

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

In the first stage, the participants were initially randomly separated in a double-blind way in order to ingest either the GDP (Condition 1) or maltodextrin as a placebo (Condition 2) for seven days. On the seventh and last day of supplementation, they were submitted to the resistance training session. Before and immediately after the exercise session, the cognitive tests were applied. After these procedures there was a one-week rest period (step 2). Then the procedures performed in the first step were repeated (step 3). However, the group that had received GDP started to receive maltodextrin, and the group who had received maltodextrin started to receive GDP, adopting, thus, a randomized double-blind crossover design.

The substances were packed in sachets containing GDP (glutamine) or maltodextrin (placebo). The packages were identical and the substances used had a similar color and texture. An external subject organized group division and substances delivery.

Blood sample will be taken from the subjects for fasting (at least 8 hours) glucose level, lipid profile and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) determination.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Prevalence of Sleep Apnoea in Adolescents

Prevalence of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Among Adolescents in the General Population

OSA is defined using different cut-offs (i.e. OAHI >=5, OAHI >=1, OAHI >=1+habitual snoring)

Measured by Conners' Continuous Performance Test (CPT)

Blood sample will be taken from the subjects for fasting (at least 8 hours). Plasma glucose is measured by hexokinase method.

TC will be measured by an appropriate enzymatic assay

TG will be measured by an appropriate enzymatic assay

HDL-C will be measured by an appropriate enzymatic assay

LDL-C will be measured by an appropriate enzymatic assay

Serum hs-CRP will be measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay using the IMMULITE Analyzer

This appetite-regulating hormone will be measured using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay.

This proinflammatory cytokine will be measured using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay.

victoria/triglyceride

Maternal Lipids and Offspring Adiposity at 5-7 Years

Effect of Supplementation With Glutamine and Exercise in Women With HIV/AIDS

Prevalence of Sleep Apnoea in Adolescents

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