Slowly Digestible Carbohydrates and the Ileal Brake
Märksõnad
Abstraktne
Kirjeldus
Diets containing slowly digestible carbohydrates (SDCs), in the form of starch-entrapped microspheres that digest into the ileum, were previously shown to reduce food intake in a diet-induced obese rat model by activating the gut-brain axis. These results suggested that SDCs trigger the ileal brake, which is a feedback mechanism controlling stomach-mediated transit of a meal. The ileal brake is characterized by delayed gastric emptying rate and increased satiety. The goal of this work was to determine if common SDCs trigger the ileal brake in humans, using gastric emptying rate as a proxy indicator. In a human study, SDCs were delivered through a semi-solid yogurt matrix, and gastric half-emptying time and postprandial glycemic response were assessed. The study was a five-arm, double-blind, crossover design with a one-week washout period between treatments (n=20, 9 females, 11 males). Four different carbohydrate ingredients (SDCs: isomalto-oligosaccharides (IMO), Xtend® sucromalt, and raw corn starch; and non-SDC: maltodextrin) were incorporated individually, or in combination, into yogurt products matched in energy density and viscosity. Participants consumed 300 g test meals of yogurt formulated with one or a combination of the carbohydrate ingredients after an overnight fast. Gastric emptying rates and glycemic response were measured using a 13C-labeled octanoic acid breath test and continuous glucose monitors, respectively. Glucose readings were continuously monitored 24 h prior to and 48 h after test meal consumption, and breath samples were collected for a 4 h period following test meal consumption.
Kuupäevad
| Viimati kinnitatud: | 07/31/2018 |
| Esmalt esitatud: | 06/26/2018 |
| Hinnanguline registreerumine on esitatud: | 08/08/2018 |
| Esmalt postitatud: | 08/13/2018 |
| Viimane värskendus on esitatud: | 08/08/2018 |
| Viimati värskendus postitatud: | 08/13/2018 |
| Õppe tegelik alguskuupäev: | 06/01/2015 |
| Eeldatav esmane lõpetamise kuupäev: | 07/30/2015 |
| Eeldatav uuringu lõpetamise kuupäev: | 07/30/2015 |
Seisund või haigus
Sekkumine / ravi
Other: Isomaltooligosaccharides (IMOs)
Other: Xtend® sucromalt
Other: Combination of IMOs and Xtend® sucromalt
Other: Raw corn starch
Other: Maltodextrin
Faas
Käerühmad
| Arm | Sekkumine / ravi |
|---|---|
| Experimental: Isomaltooligosaccharides (IMOs) Isomaltooligosaccharides (IMOs) incorporated into a yogurt test meal.
IMOs are a mixture of short-chain carbohydrates with a purported slow digestion property. | Other: Isomaltooligosaccharides (IMOs) Isomaltooligosaccharides (IMOs) incorporated into yogurt were tested for gastric emptying rate, glycemic response, appetitive response, and fermentability. |
| Experimental: Xtend® sucromalt Xtend® sucromalt incorporated into a yogurt test meal.
Sucromalt is derived from a combination of sucrose (cane or beet sugar) and maltose (corn sugar), yet it has been found to be slowly digested. | Other: Xtend® sucromalt Xtend® sucromalt incorporated into yogurt was tested for gastric emptying rate, glycemic response, appetitive response, and fermentability. |
| Experimental: Combination of IMOs and Xtend® sucromalt Combination of IMOs and Xtend® sucromalt incorporated into a yogurt test meal. | Other: Combination of IMOs and Xtend® sucromalt A combination of IMOs and Xtend® sucromalt incorporated into yogurt was tested for gastric emptying rate, glycemic response, appetitive response, and fermentability. |
| Experimental: Raw corn starch Raw corn starch incorporated into a yogurt test meal.
Raw corn starch is uncooked starch from corn. Because it is not cooked, it has a slow digestion property. | Other: Raw corn starch Raw corn starch incorporated into yogurt was tested for gastric emptying rate, glycemic response, appetitive response, and fermentability. |
| Experimental: Maltodextrin Maltodextrin incorporated into a yogurt test meal.
Maltodextrin is a type of starchy carbohydrate (polysaccharide) composed of units of D-glucose (simple sugars). The maltodextrin used for this study had a fast digestion property. | Other: Maltodextrin Maltodextrin incorporated into yogurt was tested for gastric emptying rate, glycemic response, appetitive response, and fermentability. |
Abikõlblikkuse kriteeriumid
| Õppimiseks sobivad vanused | 18 Years To 18 Years |
| Uuringuks kõlblikud sood | All |
| Võtab vastu tervislikke vabatahtlikke | Jah |
| Kriteeriumid | Inclusion Criteria: - BMI 18.5 - 25 kg/m2 - Stable weight for the past 3 months (i.e. +/- 2..5 kg) - Regular eating patterns, including breakfast consumption Exclusion Criteria: - Gastrointestinal disease - Smokers - Peri- or post-menopausal women - Celiac disease (yogurts may contain ingredients with wheat origin) - Allergies, including dairy, lactose, and gluten - Pregnant and lactating women - Following a weight reduction program or having followed one during the last 3 months - Acute or chronic disease - Alcohol consumption > 30 units/week - Hypertension - Diabetes - Previous bariatric surgery |
Tulemus
Esmased tulemusnäitajad
1. Gastric emptying rate [Acute study; 4 hours of measurement after consumption of test food]
2. Glycemic response [Acute study; 4 hours of measurement after consumption of test food]
Sekundaarsed tulemusmõõdud
1. Appetite ratings (Visual Analog Scale, VAS) [Acute study; 4 hours of measurement after consumption of test food]
2. Breath hydrogen (fermentability) [Acute study; 4 hours of measurement after consumption of test food]
