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Comparative pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of four alkaloids in different formulations from Corydalis decumbens.

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BACKGROUND Corydalis decumbens, a Traditional Chinese Medicine listed in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, is clinically used for the treatment of paralytic stroke, headache, rheumatic arthritis and sciatica in China. OBJECTIVE This study was aimed to compare the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of

Attenuation by valproate of c-fos immunoreactivity in trigeminal nucleus caudalis induced by intracisternal capsaicin.

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1. Valproic acid, useful in the treatment of migraine, is an inhibitor of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) aminotransferase and activator of glutamic acid decarboxylase. Its mechanism in migraine remains obscure. The effects of valproic acid (2-propylpentanoic acid) were examined on the number of

gamma-Aminobutyric acid(A) (GABA(A)) receptor regulates ERK1/2 phosphorylation in rat hippocampus in high doses of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE)-induced impairment of spatial memory.

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Experimental and occupational exposure to methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) has been reported to induce neurotoxicological and neurobehavioral effects, such as headache, nausea, dizziness, and disorientation, etc. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in MTBE-induced neurotoxicity are still not

Prostaglandin E2 injected into the posterior hypothalamus has no effect on trigeminal nociception in the rat.

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Craniovascular prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release is elevated in the headache phase of migraine and in experimental models of headache. PGE2 synthesised in the brain may be involved in modulating trigeminal nociception. We examined whether PGE2 injected into the posterior hypothalamus could modulate

GABAA-receptor-mediated effects of progesterone, its ring-A-reduced metabolites and synthetic neuroactive steroids on neurogenic oedema in the rat meninges.

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1. The effects of progesterone, its A-ring-reduced metabolites, allopregnanolone, tetrahydroxydeoxycorticosterone and the synthetic neuroactive steroid alphaxalone were evaluated in a rat model of plasma extravasation within the meninges following unilateral electrical stimulation (ES) of the

Posterior hypothalamic modulation of light-evoked trigeminal neural activity and lacrimation.

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Enhanced light sensitivity is a common feature of many neuro-ophthalmic conditions and some chronic headaches. Previously we reported that the bright light-evoked increases in trigeminal brainstem neural activity and lacrimation depended on a neurovascular link within the eye (Okamoto et al., 2012).

Attenuation by butalbital of capsaicin-induced c-fos-like immunoreactivity in trigeminal nucleus caudalis.

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We examined the effects of butalbital (30, 100, and 1000 micrograms/kg) on the number of cells expressing c-fos-like immunoreactivity (c-fos-LI), a marker of neuronal activation, within lamina I, IIo of the trigeminal nucleus caudalis and the nucleus of the solitary tract 2 hours after the

Anxiolytic-Like Effects of Chrysanthemum indicum Aqueous Extract in Mice: Possible Involvement of GABAA Receptors and 5-HT1A Receptors.

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Chrysanthemum indicum Linne is an ancient herbal medicine used to treat bone and muscle deterioration, ocular infl ammation, headache, and anxiety in Korea, China, and Japan. Furthermore, tea derived from Chrysanthemum indicum Linne has been used to treat anxiety by facilitating relaxation and

Peripheral GABAA receptor-mediated effects of sodium valproate on dural plasma protein extravasation to substance P and trigeminal stimulation.

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1. The GABA transaminase inhibitor and activator of glutamic acid decarboxylase, valproic acid is being used for the treatment of migraine. Its mechanism of action is unknown. We tested the effects of sodium valproate and GABAA-agonist muscimol on dural plasma protein ([125I]-bovine serum albumin)

Modulation of mechanosensory vibrissal responses in the trigeminocervical complex by stimulation of the greater occipital nerve in a rat model of trigeminal neuropathic pain

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Background: Stimulation of the occipital or trigeminal nerves has been successfully used to treat chronic refractory neurovascular headaches such as migraine or cluster headache, and painful neuropathies. Convergence of trigeminal and

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