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OBJECTIVE
Without proper medication for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy, retinal cells become malnourished and degenerate, which results in damage to vision cells and can lead to blindness. Flavonoids such as biochanin A (BCA) can directly target various facets of angiogenesis. We assessed the
The brain renin-angiotensin system plays a vital role in the modulation of the neuroinflammatory responses and the progression of dopaminergic (DA) degeneration. Angiotensin II (Ang II) induces microglia activation via angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R), which in turn affects the function of DA
Biochanin A is a naturally occurring isoflavone. Its main sources are clover species such as Trifolium pretense, Trifolium subterraneum or Trifolium incarnatum. Phytoestrogens, including isoflavones, are plant-derived substances, which exhibit estrogen-like properties, thus they may be used as an
OBJECTIVE
Ritonavir (RIT) is a human immune deficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitor (PI) active against HIV-1 and HIV-2. Among various adverse effects of PIs, hepatotoxicity is a very common adverse reaction of RIT which is concentration dependent. Red clover isoflavones are found to possess
Rotenone is an insecticide that generates oxidative stress in the CNS and induces locomotor dysfunction and neurodegeneration in rodents. Biochanin A [BioA] is an isoflavone with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. The antioxidant and the modulatory action of BioA on PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling
BACKGROUND
Peripheral axon injury and degeneration are often mediated by oxidative stress and inflammation. The hydroalcoholic extract of the red propolis (HERP) has attracted great attention because of its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this work is to
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive deterioration together with declining activities of daily living and neuropsychiatric symptoms or behavioural changes. The oldest, on which most currently available drug