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The 4-coumarate:CoA ligase gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana comprises one rare, sinapate-activating and three commonly occurring isoenzymes.

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4-Coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL; EC 6.2.1.12) has a pivotal role in the biosynthesis of plant secondary compounds at the divergence point from general phenylpropanoid metabolism to several major branch pathways. In Arabidopsis thaliana, we have identified a previously undetected, fourth and final member

Identification of the substrate specificity-conferring amino acid residues of 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase allows the rational design of mutant enzymes with new catalytic properties.

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4-Coumarate:coenzyme A ligases (4CLs) generally use, in addition to coumarate, caffeate and ferulate as their main substrates. However, the recently cloned Arabidopsis thaliana isoform At4CL2 is exceptional because it has no appreciable activity with ferulate. On the basis of information obtained

Primary Fatty Alcohols Are Major Components of Suberized Root Tissues of Arabidopsis in the Form of Alkyl Hydroxycinnamates.

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Suberin is a complex hydrophobic polymer that acts as a barrier controlling water and solute fluxes and restricting pathogen infections. Suberin is deposited immediately outside of the plasmalemma in the cell wall of certain tissues such as endodermis of roots, aerial and underground periderms, and

Phenolic constituents from the roots of Mikania micrantha and their allelopathic effects.

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Four new thymol derivatives, 8,10-dihydroxy-9-benzoyloxythymol (1), 9-isobutyryloxy-10-hydroxythymol (2), 7,8,9,10-tetrahydroxythymol (3), and 7,8,10-trihydroxy-9-E-feruloyloxythymol (4), were isolated from the fresh roots of Mikania micrantha , along with 8,9,10-trihydroxythymol (5),

Cloning and heterologous expression of a rape cDNA encoding UDP-glucose:sinapate glucosyltransferase.

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A cDNA encoding a UDP-glucose:sinapate glucosyltransferase (SGT) that catalyzes the formation of 1-O-sinapoylglucose, was isolated from cDNA libraries constructed from immature seeds and young seedlings of rape (Brassica napus L.). The open reading frame encoded a protein of 497 amino acids with a

Caffeoyl shikimate esterase (CSE) is an enzyme in the lignin biosynthetic pathway in Arabidopsis.

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Lignin is a major component of plant secondary cell walls. Here we describe caffeoyl shikimate esterase (CSE) as an enzyme central to the lignin biosynthetic pathway. Arabidopsis thaliana cse mutants deposit less lignin than do wild-type plants, and the remaining lignin is enriched in

Mutational analysis of 4-coumarate:CoA ligase identifies functionally important amino acids and verifies its close relationship to other adenylate-forming enzymes.

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4-Coumarate:coenzyme A ligase (4CL) is a key enzyme of general phenylpropanoid metabolism which provides the precursors for a large variety of important plant secondary products, such as lignin, flavonoids, or phytoalexins. To identify amino acids important for 4CL activity, eight mutations were

Identification of an Arabidopsis fatty alcohol:caffeoyl-Coenzyme A acyltransferase required for the synthesis of alkyl hydroxycinnamates in root waxes.

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While suberin is an insoluble heteropolymer, a number of soluble lipids can be extracted by rapid chloroform dipping of roots. These extracts include esters of saturated long-chain primary alcohols and hydroxycinnamic acids. Such fatty alcohols and hydroxycinnamic acids are also present in suberin.

The Origin and Biosynthesis of the Benzenoid Moiety of Ubiquinone (Coenzyme Q) in Arabidopsis.

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It is not known how plants make the benzenoid ring of ubiquinone, a vital respiratory cofactor. Here, we demonstrate that Arabidopsis thaliana uses for that purpose two separate biosynthetic branches stemming from phenylalanine and tyrosine. Gene network modeling and characterization of T-DNA

Production of hydroxycinnamoyl anthranilates from glucose in Escherichia coli.

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BACKGROUND Oats contain hydroxycinnamoyl anthranilates, also named avenanthramides (Avn), which have beneficial health properties because of their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative effects. The microbial production of hydroxycinnamoyl anthranilates is an eco-friendly alternative

Imbalanced lignin biosynthesis promotes the sexual reproduction of homothallic oomycete pathogens.

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Lignin is incorporated into plant cell walls to maintain plant architecture and to ensure long-distance water transport. Lignin composition affects the industrial value of plant material for forage, wood and paper production, and biofuel technologies. Industrial demands have resulted in an increase

4-Coumarate 3-hydroxylase in the lignin biosynthesis pathway is a cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase.

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Lignin biosynthesis is evolutionarily conserved among higher plants and features a critical 3-hydroxylation reaction involving phenolic esters. However, increasing evidence questions the involvement of a single pathway to lignin formation in vascular plants. Here we describe an enzyme catalyzing the

Reprogramming the phenylpropanoid metabolism in seeds of oilseed rape by suppressing the orthologs of reduced epidermal fluorescence1.

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As a result of the phenylpropanoid pathway, many Brassicaceae produce considerable amounts of soluble hydroxycinnamate conjugates, mainly sinapate esters. From oilseed rape (Brassica napus), we cloned two orthologs of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) gene reduced epidermal fluorescence1 (REF1)

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