coniferyl aldehyde/mänd

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Distribution of lignin and its coniferyl alcohol and coniferyl aldehyde groups in Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris as observed by Raman imaging.

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Wood cell wall consists of several structural components, such as cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin, whose concentrations vary throughout the cell wall. It is a composite where semicrystalline cellulose fibrils, acting as reinforcement, are bound together by amorphous hemicelluloses and lignin

Multi-site modulation of flux during monolignol formation in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda).

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Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) cell suspension cultures secrete monolignols when placed in 8% sucrose/20 mM KI solution, and these were used to identify phenylpropanoid pathway flux-modulating steps. When cells were provided with increasing amounts of either phenylalanine (Phe) or cinnamic acid,

Pinus taeda phenylpropenal double-bond reductase: purification, cDNA cloning, heterologous expression in Escherichia coli, and subcellular localization in P. taeda.

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A phenylpropenal double-bond reductase (PPDBR) was obtained from cell suspension cultures of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Following trypsin digestion and amino acid sequencing, the cDNA encoding this protein was subsequently cloned, with the functional recombinant protein expressed in Escherichia

Differences between lignin in unprocessed wood, milled wood, mutant wood, and extracted lignin detected by 13C solid-state NMR.

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Solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was applied to intact and isolated loblolly pine wood samples to identify potential structural changes induced by tree age, milling, lignin extraction, or naturally occurring mutations. Special attention was paid to ketone and aldehyde as

Gene silencing of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase in Pinus radiata callus cultures.

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Xylem-derived Pinus radiata cell cultures, which can be induced to differentiate tracheary elements (TEs), were transformed with an RNAi construct designed to silence cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of monolignols. Quantitative enzymatic CAD measurements

Mechanistic and structural studies of apoform, binary, and ternary complexes of the Arabidopsis alkenal double bond reductase At5g16970.

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In this study, we determined the crystal structures of the apoform, binary, and ternary complexes of the Arabidopsis alkenal double bond reductase encoded by At5g16970. This protein, one of 11 homologues in Arabidopsis thaliana, is most closely related to the Pinus taeda phenylpropenal double bond

Molecular cloning and expression of a Eucalyptus gunnii cDNA clone encoding cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase.

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Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) catalyses the reduction of hydroxycinnamyl aldehydes (sinapyl, paracoumaryl, coniferyl aldehydes) to the corresponding alcohols which are the direct monomeric precursors of lignins. Recently, we have purified from Eucalyptus gunnii two isoforms of CAD (CAD1 and

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