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Previous studies using potassium ion-selective microelectrodes have demonstrated that potassium concentrations in dental plaque fluid obtained by centrifugation are identical to whole plaque values determined immediately after collection. Such procedures were now used to examine the variations in
This paper describes a procedure for the determination of the volume of water available for diffusion in whole plaque samples collected from single sites. In this procedure, known micro volumes of H2O were added to single-site plaque samples with calibrated nanoliter pipettes and the potassium or
A selective medium (CFAT) was developed for the detection and enumeration of Actinomyces viscosus and Actinomyces naeslundii in dental plaque. Neutral acriflavin and potassium tellurite were used in combination with the known selective agents cadmium and fluoride to eliminate most of the competing
Potassium (K(+)) is the most abundant cation in the fluids of dental biofilm. The biochemical and biophysical functions of K(+) and a variety of K(+) transport systems have been studied for most pathogenic bacteria but not for oral pathogens. In this study, we establish the modes of K(+) acquisition
The rate at which substances diffuse from dental plaque influences the rate of clearance of acid and bacterial toxins from plaque into saliva. The aim of this study was to compare the rates of clearance of potassium chloride, as a model substance, from artificial plaque of 3-, 4-, and 6-mm-diameter,
In 1966, Jenkins suggested that the plaque fluid environment was likely to have higher concentrations of extracellular solutes than was apparent from analyses of total plaque concentrations. Early work on plaque fluid confirmed this contention, but some artefact was also generated by the prolonged
This paper discusses key points made during the symposium in the light of work carried out in other laboratories. It is emphasized that the unique importance of plaque fluid is that the net result of chemical changes induced by microbial activity is reflected in this medium, which is in intimate
The requirements were examined in chemically-defined media. Magnesium sulphate, potassium phosphate and adenine were essential for cellular growth and sodium bicarbonate and inositol further stimulated growth. The addition of sodium phosphate to this medium stimulated both cellular growth and slime
Every cariogenic challenge involves a mixture of convective transport, diffusive transport, and biochemical reactions, plus physico-chemical reactions (including charge-coupling of diffusion), all of which together require numerical methods for their analysis. This presentation describes a
Different methods reported for assessing mutans streptococci (MS) make the direct comparisons of results across studies difficult. To quantitate the variations of MS estimates attributable to differences in method, stimulated and unstimulated saliva samples and oral swab samples were compared with
The main clinical and theoretical studies on caries etiology and prevention and on general health published by the author and his coworkers since the beginning of the 1960s are briefly reviewed. Among the caries prevention methods published by previous authors, the Finnish trials on fissure sealing
Little attention has been given to the bactericidal effect of laser irradiation, particularly using low-power energy lasers. It has been demonstrated that He-Ne laser light has an inhibitory action on dental plaque. The purpose of this study was to investigate the bactericidal effect of He-Ne laser
Several kinds of substances such as acids and bacterial toxins diffuse from dental plaque into the salivary film which moves slowly between the plaque on the teeth and oral mucosa. The volume of saliva retained in the mouth before and after swallowing seem to be very important with respect to
Potassium (K+) is the most abundant cation in dental plaque fluid. Previously, we reported the link between K+ transport via Trk2 in Streptococcus mutans and its two critical virulence attributes: acid tolerance and surface adhesion. Herein, we build further on the intimate link between K+ levels