Sweet cherry juice concentrate will be consumed twice daily for 6 weeks, followed by consumption of placebo beverage twice daily for 6 weeks.

Placebo beverage will be consumed twice daily for 6 weeks, followed by consumption of sweet cherry juice concentrate twice daily for 6 weeks.

Obesity

Metabolic Syndrome

FruitSmart® Cherry Concentrate: Dark Sweet Cherry Juice Concentrate produced from dark sweet cherries to retain the characteristic color and flavor of the whole fruit.

Cherry juice

Cherry flavored placebo beverage prepared from commercially available cherry syrup with food coloring and thickener to match the color and viscosity of the cherry concentrate.

Placebo beverage

USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutrition Research Center

Cardiometabolic Effects of Sweet Cherry Juice

Blood pressure measured using a Continuous Non-invasive Arterial Pressure (CNAP®) device in mmHg

Heart rate variability (HRV) assessed using a mobile device via ECG in millivolts

Assessed using impedance cardiography (ICG) and ECG

Peripheral arterial tone (PAT) determined using the EndoPAT expressed as the reactive hyperemia index (RHI)

Liver stiffness assessed from the shear wave speed with pulse echo ultrasound using the Fibroscan®

Liver fat assessed from the Controlled Attenuation Parameter (CAP) computed from the liver stiffness measurement using the Fibroscan®

Assessed using Cambridge Gambling Task (CGT), from Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB)

Assessed using Stop Signal Task (STT) from CANTAB

Assessed using Multitasking Test (MTT) from CANTAB

Assessed using Reaction Time (RTI) task from CANTAB

Assessed using Spatial Working Memory (SWM) task from CANTAB

Assessed using Verbal Recognition Memory (VRM) task from CANTAB

Assessed using Emotional Recognition task (ERT) from CANTAB

Measured by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)

Salivary cortisol measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay in nmol/liter

Measured by Stanford Brief Physical Activity questionnaire. Scale is categorical for two subscales: work physical activity and leisure time activity.

Cellular bioenergetics measured as oxygen consumption rate (OCR)

Quantitative immunoassay of human cardiovascular biomarkers on a multi-analyte profile

Quantitative immunoassay of human inflammation biomarkers on a multi-analyte profile

Quantitative immunoassay of human neurological biomarkers on a multi-analyte profile

Perceived stress measured using the Perceived stress scale (PSS). Scores on the PSS can range from 0 to 40 with higher scores indicating higher perceived stress. Responses for individual questions are summed to a total score.

Chronic stress measured using the Wheaton Chronic Stress Questionnaire. Individual scores range from 0 to 102, with higher scores indicating higher chronic stress.

Sleep quality assessed by self-report using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index

Mood assessed using the Profile of Mood States (POMS) Standard Score. Total Mood Disturbance (TMD) score is found from the difference between "negative" subscales - "positive" subscales. Individual scores on the POMS range from -32 to 200 with higher scores indicating higher mood disturbance.

USDA, Western Human Nutrition Research Center

Washington State Fruit Commission

Participants randomized to consume either placebo beverage or tart cherry juice at beginning of the study followed by a 2 week washout then switch over to the alternate beverage. Approximately half of participants began study consuming placebo beverage and the other half TCJ.

Participants randomized to consume either placebo beverage or tart cherry juice at beginning of the study followed by a 2 week washout then switch over to the alternate beverage. Approximately half pf participants began study consuming placebo beverage and the other half TCJ.

Diabetes

Inflammation

Participants consumed placebo beverage for 4 weeks.

Placebo

Participants consumed tart cherry juice (8 ounces; 240 mL) per day for four weeks.

Tart cherry juice

Tart Cherry Juice and Chronic Disease Risk

Effect of Tart Cherry Juice on Inflammation and Dyslipidemia in Overweight and Obese Humans

high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), a marker of inflammation

Coded data will be available to relevant parties, e.g., investigators, recognized scientific bodies, etc. upon reasonable request within an adequate time frame. Emails may be directed to the Principal Investigator.

Keith Martin

Research Assistant Professor

University of Memphis

Arizona State University

Crossover Assignment In this study, the investigators recruited at-risk individuals who were overweight (25.0-29.9 kg/m2) and obese (> 30.0 kg/m2) and likely to exhibit one or more conditions associated with MetS. In this 10-week placebo-controlled 2 x 2 crossover dietary intervention, the investigators randomized participants to consume 240 mL (8 ounces) daily of either placebo (artificial cherry-flavored, anthocyanin-free beverage) or authentic TCJ for 4 weeks, followed by a 2-week washout period, then consumption of the alternate beverage for 4 weeks. Subsequently, the investigators determined the effect of TCJ in at-risk participants on markers of inflammation, glycemia, and lipidemia.

Placebo beverage was selected from commercially available, artificially flavored and colored fruit punches (Great Value fruit punch, Bentonville, AR) to match a closely as possible the color (red) of the TCJ.

Participants randomized to consume either placebo beverage or tart cherry juice at beginning of the study followed by a 4 week washout then switch over to the alternate beverage to account for timing and order effects.

Hyperuricemia

Insulin Resistance

Participants randomized to consume for 4-weeks either placebo beverage or single-strength tart cherry juice at beginning of the study followed by a 4 week washout then switch over to the alternate beverage for 4 weeks to account for timing and order effects.

Tart Cherry Juice and Markers of Inflammation, CVD, and Diabetes

Anthocyanin-rich Tart Cherry Juice Consumption and Reduced Biomarkers of Inflammation, CVD, and Diabetes.

Hyperuricemia contributes to gout, a frequently occurring, complex rheumatologic form of inflammatory arthritis. The primary outcome measure of this study was serum uric acid and its reduction by TCJ consumption.

Elevated levels of hsCRP indicate inflammation. Serum levels of hsCRP as a secondary outcome measure were measured and the effect of TCJ in potentially lowering.

Increased serum triglycerides contribute to CVD and MetS. Serum TG was measured as a secondary outcome measure and the effect of TCJ in lowering levels.

Coded data will be available upon reasonable request as instructed by journal editors. Emails may be directed to the Principal Investigator.

In this study, the investigators recruited at-risk individuals who were overweight (25.0-29.9 kg/m2) and obese (> 30.0 kg/m2) and likely to exhibit one or more conditions associated with MetS. In this 12-week placebo-controlled 2 x 2 crossover dietary intervention, the investigators randomized participants to consume 240 mL (8 ounces) daily of either placebo (artificial cherry-flavored, anthocyanin-free beverage) or TCJ for 4 weeks, followed by a 4-week washout period, then consumption of the alternate beverage for 4 weeks. Subsequently, the investigators determined the effect of TCJ in at-risk participants on markers of uricemia, lipidemia, glycemia, and inflammation.

Placebo beverage was prepared in the ASU metabolic kitchen and matched for fructose and total carbohydrate concentrations as well as being artificially colored to match tart cherry juice.

prunus incisa/rasvumus

Cardiometabolic Effects of Sweet Cherry Juice

Tart Cherry Juice and Chronic Disease Risk

Tart Cherry Juice and Markers of Inflammation, CVD, and Diabetes

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