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The rising number of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains represents an emerging health problem that has motivated efforts to develop new antibacterial agents. Endogenous cationic antibacterial peptides (CAPs) that are produced in tissues exposed to the external environment are one model for the
This study aimed to determine the effects of dietary spermine supplementation on the inflammatory response and immune function of the thymus and spleen in piglets. Eighty suckling piglets were randomly assigned to receive adequate nutrients supplemented with spermine (0.4 mmol/kg body weight) or
BACKGROUND
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit colonic tumourigenesis and have an established usefulness in cancer prevention. Because polyamines are essential for neoplastic cell growth, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of NSAIDs (indomethacin, a nonselective COX-1
The photoproducts produced by irradiating 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) in the presence of spermine (Spm) were fractionated using gel filtration chromatography (GFC) on a Sephadex G-25 column. As a result, two bands which were characterized by the effects on hyaluronidase activity were obtained. The
We formulated adenovirus (AdV) vectors with cationic steroid liposomes containing dexamethasone-spermine (DS)/dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) in an effort to overcome the lack of apically expressed AdV vector receptors on airway epithelial cells and to reduce the inflammation associated with
Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an effective activator of the components of innate immunity. It has been shown that polyamines and their metabolic enzymes affect the LPS-induced immune response by modulating both pro- and anti-inflammatory actions. On the other hand, LPS causes changes in
Enhanced intestinal nitric oxide production observed during sepsis is thought to play a central role in lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal damage. In contrast intestinal polyamines, both from endogenous and exogenous origin, are essential for the maintenance of mucosal integrity. Polyamines have
The pathogenesis of sepsis is partly attributable to dysregulated inflammatory response mediated by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) (for example, endotoxin) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) (for example, high-mobility group box 1 [HMGB1]). An endogenous ubiquitous
This work demonstrates that spermine is a natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. It is found that: (1) Spermine inhibits the cytochrome C reduction initiated by FMLP- or PMA-stimulated human granulocytes. (2) Spermine inhibits the Fe(III)/xanthine oxidase stimulated lipid peroxidation of
Helicobacter pylori infection is the main risk factor for the development of gastric cancer, the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. H. pylori colonizes the human gastric mucosa and persists for decades. The inflammatory response is ineffective in clearing the infection, leading to
Inflammation has been implicated in the development of many human epithelial cancers, including those of the stomach, lung, colon, and prostate. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a potent pleiotropic, proinflammatory cytokine produced by many cells in response to injury and inflammation.
The innate immune system functions as a defensive front line against pathogenic invasion, but the proinflammatory products of activated monocytes and macrophages (e.g., TNF and NO) can also injure normal cells. Anti-inflammatory mediators restrain the innate immune response and prevent excessive
Liver-resident macrophages (Kupffer cells, KCs) and autophagy play critical roles in the pathogenesis of toxin-induced liver injury. Recent evidence indicates that autophagy can regulate macrophage M1/M2 polarization under different inflammatory conditions. Polyamines, including putrescine,
Spermine, a naturally occurring polyamine, is a ubiquitous structural component of all eukaryotic cells. Regenerating tissues produce higher levels of spermine, and injured or dying cells release spermine into the extracellular milieu, so that tissue levels increase significantly at inflammatory
In human periodontal disease, there may be periods of exacerbation and remission. Definition of the homeostatic mechanisms in the periodontium may therefore be important in understanding the natural history of this disorder. The polyamines are biologically active amines involved in the regulation of