sphingosine/diarrhea

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Inhibition of sphingosine kinase by bovine viral diarrhea virus NS3 is crucial for efficient viral replication and cytopathogenesis.

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Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid implicated in diverse cellular functions including survival, proliferation, tumorigenesis, inflammation, and immunity. Sphingosine kinase (SphK) contributes to these functions by converting sphingosine to S1P. We report here that the

Sphingosine-1-phosphate signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathway contributes to baicalein-mediated inhibition of dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis in mice.

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Baicalein has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities. However, the mechanisms underlying its anti-inflammatory effect on colitis remain unclear.A dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced model of acute colitis was established in BALB/c

Effect of the Sphingosine Kinase 1 Selective Inhibitor, PF543 on Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis in Mice.

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Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory bowel disease, which often affects colon or rectum or both. It is now well recognized that sphingosine kinases-1/sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling may have a very significant potential as targets for therapeutic intervention in UC.

Sphingosine kinase 1 in viral infections.

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Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) is an enzyme that phosphorylates the lipid sphingosine to generate sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). S1P can act intracellularly as a signaling molecule and extracellularly as a receptor ligand. The SphK1/S1P axis has well-described roles in cell signaling, the cell

Reduced sphingosine kinase 1 activity in dengue virus type-2 infected cells can be mediated by the 3' untranslated region of dengue virus type-2 RNA.

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Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) is a lipid kinase with important roles including regulation of cell survival. We have previously shown reduced SphK1 activity in cells with an established dengue virus type-2 (DENV-2) infection. In this study, we examined the effect of alterations in SphK1 activity on

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains bind bovine milk gangliosides in a ceramide-dependent process.

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Diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is the main infectious disease of newborn calves. The first step of infection involves bacterial attachment to the intestinal mucosa. This adhesion is mediated by fimbriae that recognize some glycoconjugates on the host cell surface, in

Erythrocyte and porcine intestinal glycosphingolipids recognized by F4 fimbriae of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.

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Enterotoxigenic F4-fimbriated Escherichia coli is associated with diarrheal disease in neonatal and postweaning pigs. The F4 fimbriae mediate attachment of the bacteria to the pig intestinal epithelium, enabling an efficient delivery of diarrhea-inducing enterotoxins to the target epithelial cells.

Fingolimod-Associated Peripheral Vascular Adverse Effects.

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Fingolimod is the first oral disease-modifying drug approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. The drug is usually well tolerated, and common adverse effects include bradycardia, headache, influenza, diarrhea, back pain, increased liver enzyme levels, and cough. Fingolimod is thought to

Bile Acid Receptors and Gastrointestinal Functions.

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Bile acids modulate several gastrointestinal functions including electrolyte secretion and absorption, gastric emptying, and small intestinal and colonic motility. High concentrations of bile acids lead to diarrhea and are implicated in the development of esophageal, gastric and colonic cancer.

Diagnosis of Clostridium difficile infection using an UPLC-MS based metabolomics method.

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The fecal metabolome of Clostridium difficile (CD) infection is far from being understood, particularly its non-volatile organic compounds. The drawbacks of current tests used to diagnose CD infection hinder their application.The aims of this study were to

FTY720 ameliorates oxazolone colitis in mice by directly affecting T helper type 2 functions.

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The sphingosine-1-phosphate analogue FTY720 is known to alter migration and homing of lymphocytes via sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors. However, several studies indicate that its mode of action is more complex and that FTY720 may also directly influence cytokine effector functions. Therefore, we

Influenza viral manipulation of sphingolipid metabolism and signaling to modulate host defense system.

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Viruses attempt to create a distinctive cellular environment to favor viral replication and spread. Recent studies uncovered new functions of the sphingolipid signaling/metabolism during pathogenic virus infections. While sphingolipids such as sphingomyelin and ceramide were reported to influence

FTY720P inhibits the Na+/K+ ATPase in Caco-2 cells via S1PR2: PGE2 and NO are along the signaling pathway.

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OBJECTIVE Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) has been implicated lately in inflammatory bowel disease which has diarrhea as one of its symptoms. Diarrhea is due to altered water movements as a result of altered electrolyte transport, and in particular sodium. Sodium movements are geared by the sodium

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