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In order to clarify the structural features of protein substrates which determine their sensitivity towards poliovirus 2A protease, a high-efficiency bacterial expression system for cDNA of the poliovirus genome fragment has been developed. The expressed protein encompasses the C-end half of the VP1
A "cleavage cassette" specifying a decapeptide human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease cleavage site was introduced into six different locations of beta-galactosidase (beta-D-galactoside galactohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.23) in Escherichia coli. Four of these constructs retained beta-galactosidase
Polio viral proteinase 2A performs several essential functions in genome replication. Its inhibition prevents viral replication, thus making it an excellent substrate for drug development. In this study, the three-dimensional structure of 2A protease was determined and optimized by homology
The poliovirus eradication initiative has spawned global immunization infrastructure and dramatically decreased the prevalence of the disease, yet the original virus eradication goal has not been met. The suboptimal properties of the existing vaccines are among the major reasons why the program has
Attempts were made to express noninfectious derivatives of full-length type 1 (Mahoney) and type 2 (Lansing) poliovirus cDNAs in live recombinant vaccinia viruses for vaccine purposes. Vaccinia virus (VV) would not tolerate insertions of polio cDNA containing the coding sequence for the polio
Only a few viral diseases are presently treatable because of our limited knowledge of specific viral target molecules. An attractive class of viral molecules toward which chemotherapeutic agents could be aimed are proteases coded by some virus groups such as retro- or picornaviruses (poliomyelitis,
The National Research Council has recommended that at least one, preferably two, polio antiviral drugs be developed as a supplement to the tools currently available for control of polio outbreaks post-eradication. The primary application of such drugs is expected to be the resolution of chronic
Enteroviruses are common human pathogens, and infections are particularly frequent in children. Severe infections can lead to a variety of diseases, including poliomyelitis, aseptic meningitis, myocarditis and neonatal sepsis. Enterovirus infections have also been implicated in asthmatic
Expression of the 3C protease gene of poliovirus type 1 (Mahoney) in E. coli cells using various vectors was studied. The 3C gene was shown to be expressed effectively upon its cloning in HindII/HindII (bases 5240 to 6770) and in HindII/HindIII (bases 5240 to 6056) fragments of poliovirus cDNA in
The sequence of the poliovirus genome encoding 3CD (a protease) was transferred to the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae on expression vectors with either a constitutive or an inducible promoter. Transformants could only be obtained with vectors carrying the inducible transcription unit. Extracts of
Polioviral genes coding for P1, the precursor for the structural proteins, and 3CD, the viral protease, were cloned in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae inducible expression system. N-antigenic empty capsids could be isolated from the yeast cell extract provided that pirodavir, a capsid-binding compound
All the forms of 3C protease previously found were isolated and purified. A 3D polymerase's fragment covalently bound with 3C protein does not affect the specific proteolytic activity of the enzyme, whereas the elimination of 26 N-terminal amino acid residues of 3C protease leads to its
Picornaviridae is one of the largest viral families and is composed of 14 genera, six of which include human pathogens. The best known picornaviruses are enteroviruses (including polio, PV, and rhinoviruses), foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), and hepatitis A virus (HAV). Although infections often
Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is an emerging pathogen responsible for mild to severe respiratory infections that occur mostly in infants, children and teenagers. EV-D68, one of more than 100 non-polio enteroviruses, is acid-labile and biologically similar to human rhinoviruses (HRV) (originally