The intervention visit involves a test meal to be consumed by subjects attending the Human Nutrition Unit in the morning, following an overnight fast. The meal will be consumed within 15 minutes and blood (69 mL) and urine samples will be collected during 24 hours.
The test meals are designed to contain the same amount of proteins. Alternative protein meals: a number of bread buns for each meal containing individual alternative protein flours (green pea, lupin, hemp, buckwheat, fava beans). These will deliver 30 g of protein, the remainder being provided by white flour. The control (meat) meal: a lean beef steak containing 30 g of protein and a bun containing the same amount of white flour as used for the alternative protein bread buns.
The semi structured interview guide: will take place within the Human Nutrition Unit during one of the scheduled visits, once initial screening has taken place and participants have been selected. All interviews will be digitally recorded.

Healthy

Fava bean, Lupin, Beef meat, Green pea, Hemp, Buckwheat

Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen

Health Impacts of Sustainable Ingredient Selection in the Food and Drink Industry - ALTERNATIVE PROTEIN STUDY

Each intervention visit will involve a test meal to be consumed by subjects attending the Human Nutrition Unit (HNU) in the morning, following an overnight fast. They will be provided with a meal, which will be consumed within 15 minutes and blood (69 mL) and urine samples will be collected during 24 hours .
Biomarkers of satiety as measured by gut-related hormones and subjective appetite using visual analogue scales, specifically to be collected during the meal over a three hour period, every 30 minutes. The energy intake measured for each volunteer after an ad libitum lunch (five hours after test meal).
Biomarkers of CVD risk including total cholesterol, low density lipoproteins (LDL), high density lipoproteins (HDL), triglycerides and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA).
Assessment of peripheral glycaemic control, fasting glucose, area under the curve combined with insulin data.

The intervention visit will involve a test meal to be consumed by subjects attending the Human Nutrition Unit (HNU) in the morning, following an overnight fast. They will be provided with a meal, which will be consumed within 15 minutes and blood (69 mL) and urine samples will be collected during 24 hours
Plasma and urine markers of important phytochemical and protein metabolites will be quantitatively analysed to determine the systemic availability, in vivo concentrations and excretion times.

With regard to the social science component of the project, in-depth semi-structured interviews will be used for assessing the volunteers view towards diets rich in alternative plant proteins. For each volunteer will be conducted an digitally recorded interview(one hour), during one of the scheduled visits at the Human Nutrition Unit, once initial screening has taken place and participants have been selected.

University of Aberdeen

The GH treatment arm will receive a starting dose of 400 microgramsg/day, with increases (or decreases) in dose by 100-200 micrograms/day each month, monitoring for side effects, until goal IGF-1 (in the upper quartile of the range for age and body weight) is reached up to maximum dose of 1,000 microgramsg/day. Dose adjustments may be modified by the investigators for participants receiving oral estrogens or other circumstances know to influence GH dosing or atypical responses to treatment.

Doses for participants receiving placebo will also be adjusted monthly to maintain the blinding.

The GH treatment arm will receive a starting dose of 400 microgramsg/day, with increases (or decreases) in dose by 100-200 micrograms/day each month, monitoring for side effects, until goal IGF-1 (in the upper quartile of the range for age and body weight) is reached up to maximum dose of 1,000 microgramsg/day. Dose adjustments may be modified by the investigators for participants receiving oral estrogens or other circumstances know to influence GH dosing or atypical responses to treatment.
Recombinant human Growth Hormone: 400 micrograms/day SC for 6 months. Dose adjusted based on serum IGF-1 measurements

Treatment With Recombinant Human Growth Hormone

Doses for participants receiving placebo will also be adjusted monthly to maintain the blinding.
Placebo: SC injection daily

Placebo Treatment

Total

Sex: Female, Male

Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)

Race (NIH/OMB)

Region of Enrollment

Baseline IGF-1 level < 1 SD below expected mean

Baseline L-Arginine stimulation test

Processing Speed Index ages standardized score. In this scale, higher scores represent better functioning, lower scores represent poorer function.
100 = mean of a normative population. 110 = 1 standard deviation above normal; 90 = 1 standard deviation below normal 120 = 2 standard deviations above normal; 80 = 2 standard deviations below normal

rhGH Treatment

Placebo Treament

Functional Outcome 6 Months After Injury, as Measured by the Processing Speed Index

Serum levels of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1.

Active Treatment With Recombinant Human Growth Hormone

IGF-1 Levels.

Processing Speed Index 1 Year After Injury

Measurement of serum GH levels over 90 minutes after administration of L-arginine

GH Response to L-arginine Stimulation at Baseline

Serum IGF-1 levels at baseline for both treatment groups was correlated with the Processing Speed Index recorded at baseline, using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Perason's correlation coefficient is a measure of the linear correlation between two variables X and Y. It has a value between +1 and -1, where 1 is total positive linear correlation, 0 is no linear correlation, and -1 is total negative linear correlation.

IGF-1 Levels

Rates of diabetes mellitus, arthralgias, or peripheral edema between rhGH treatment and placebo.

Rates of Diabetes Mellitus, Arthralgias, or Peripheral Edema.

Overall Study

Ramon Diaz-Arrastia

Recombinant Human Growth Hormone

Traumatic Brain Injury

400 micrograms/day SC for 6 months. Dose adjusted based on serum IGF-1 measurements

benzyl alcohol/murtall

Health Impacts of Sustainable Ingredient Selection in the Food and Drink Industry - ALTERNATIVE PROTEIN STUDY

Recombinant Human Growth Hormone During Rehabilitation From Traumatic Brain Injury.

An bunachar luibheanna míochaine is iomláine le tacaíocht ón eolaíocht