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Choledocholithiasis refers to the presence of gallstones within the common bile duct. It is proposed to look for markers that help in the diagnosis and in differentiating between retained and migrated gallstones. The selection of patients to perform endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
In order to reduce PEP risk, a rectal non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug was administered 30 minutes before the ERCP in all patients. As the standard of care at the study hospital, the patients swallowed 2% lidocaine hydrochloride gel for local pharyngeal anesthesia, and 10 mg of diazepam were
The prevalence of gallstone disease increases with age, and as many as one third of women and one fifth of men over the age of 60 years have gallstones. The quoted prevalence of CBDS in patients with symptomatic gallstones varies, but probably lies between 10 and 20%. In Europe and Northern America