Novel macrocyclic monoterpene glycosides from bioactive extract of Parkinsonia aculeata L.

Five novel macrocyclic monoterpene O-glycosides, parkinsenes A-E (1-5), and eleven known phenolic metabolites including three 3-O-glycosylflavonols (6-8), five C-glycosylflavones (9-13), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (14), esculetin (15), and diosmetin (16) were isolated from the leaves and small twigs of Parkinsonia aculeata L. (Fabaceae). Their structures were established by chemical and spectroscopic analyses (UV, ESI-MS, and 1D/2D NMR). The investigated 80 % aqueous methanol extract (AME) showed significant analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic, and antioxidant activities in a dose-dependent manner using two different doses 250 and 500 mg/kg b. wt.