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Previous studies in our laboratory have shown a differential activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in primary bone marrow-derived macrophages following infection with pathogenic Mycobacterium avium compared to the activation following infection with nonpathogenic Mycobacterium
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) are both factors that have been implicated in the mechanism of hypercalcemia of malignancy. In this study we investigated the effect of TNF alpha on the PTHrP-stimulated accumulation of intracellular cyclic AMP
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (10(-10) - 10(-8) M) had no effects on cyclic AMP production by the osteoblastic osteosarcomal cells, Saos-2 and G292, or normal rat calvarial cells. The cytokine did, however, inhibit the parathyroid hormone (PTH)-induced effect on cyclic AMP in the Saos-2 and normal rat
In the present study, we focused on the molecular events involved in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production in response to the amyloidogenic 105-amino acid carboxyl-terminal fragment (CT105) of amyloid precursor protein, a candidate alternative toxic element in Alzheimer's disease
No correlation exists in HL60 cells between NF-kappa B activation by tumor necrosis factor (TNF alpha) and TNF beta and intracellular levels of cyclic AMP. Cyclic AMP levels did not increase upon treatment of cells with each of these cytokines, although NF-kappa B was activated. Forskolin or
Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces a rapid and transient increase in transcription of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) gene in cells of monocyte/macrophage lineage. This study examines the role of potential regulatory elements within the proximal promoter region of the mouse
Bacillus anthracis exotoxins mediate most of the symptomatology of severe anthrax. In addition to a clinical syndrome reminiscent of septic shock, which may be mediated by cytokines produced by macrophages stimulated with lethal toxin, infected patients show profound edema at sites of infection.
Adrenomedullin (ADM) is a potent vasodilator and reverses the vasoconstrictor action of endothelin-1 (ET-1). These studies aimed to determine the effect of ADM on ET-1 synthesis in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) and to identify the possible mechanisms involved. In this cell model, ADM
Rat peripheral nerve Schwann cells have been shown to express the alpha-chemokine receptor CXCR4 as well as the corresponding ligand stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1). We have investigated gene regulatory mechanisms acting on the expression of CXCR4 in cultured rat Schwann cells and found that
The molecular mechanisms by which human interleukin-4 (IL-4) down-regulates tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production by monocytes remain unknown. Other studies of IL-4 action in B lymphocytes and large granular lymphocytes (LGL) suggested that IL-4 may suppress mediator production by
Treatment of neutrophils with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in the presence of cycloheximide induced apoptosis within 3 h, as evaluated by the occurrence of morphological nuclear changes characteristic of apoptosis. Pretreatment of neutrophils with dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dbcAMP) suppressed
We have previously shown that recombinant interleukin 1 (IL-1) and recombinant tumour necrosis factor (TNF) synergistically stimulate phospholipase A2 release from mesangial cells. We now report that treatment of mesangial cells with the beta-agonist salbutamol, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cholera
This study examines the signaling mechanism by which cilostazol prevents neuronal cell death. Cilostazol ( approximately 0.1-100 microM) prevented tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced decrease in viability of SK-N-SH and HCN-1A cells, which was antagonized by 1 microM iberiotoxin, a
The regulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) production by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), forskolin, and dibutyryl cyclic AMP (cAMP) was examined at the cellular and molecular levels. The above three agents could suppress LPS (100 ng/ml)-stimulated TNF production by
16,16-Dimethyl prostaglandin E2, a known cytoprotective agent, was examined for its ability to protect the liver against complement-mediated necrosis induced by an intravenous injection of a monoclonal antibody against a rat liver-specific antigen in rats. The hepatic injury induced by the antibody