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Bcl-2 and Bax belong to a family of proteins involved in apoptosis regulation and are believed to reside in the cellular cytoplasm. The authors recently reported interphase nuclear localization of both proteins after immunofluorescence staining of formaldehyde- and methanol-fixed human and rodent
Epidoxorubicin and daunorubicin are proposed to be cytotoxic to tumor cells by catalyzing production of formaldehyde through redox cycling and using the formaldehyde for covalent attachment to DNA at G bases. The crystal structure of epidoxorubicin covalently bound to a d(CGCGCG) oligomer was
BACKGROUND
Bone cancer pain seriously affects the quality of life of cancer patients. Our previous study found that endogenous formaldehyde was produced by cancer cells metastasized into bone marrows and played an important role in bone cancer pain. However, the mechanism of production of this
Selected ion flow tube-chemical ionization mass spectrometry was used to measure formaldehyde levels in human breast cancer cells in comparison with levels in cells treated with the antitumor drugs doxorubicin (DOX) and daunorubicin (DAU) and the daunorubicin-formaldehyde conjugate Daunoform (DAUF).
The anthracycline antitumor drug doxorubicin (DOX) has been utilized for decades as a broad-spectrum chemotherapeutic. Recent literature evidence documents the role of formaldehyde in the cytotoxic mechanism, and anthracycline-formaldehyde conjugates possess substantially enhanced activity in vitro
The anthracycline antitumor drug, doxorubicin (DOX), has long been used as a broad spectrum chemotherapeutic. The literature now documents the role of formaldehyde in the cytotoxic mechanism, and anthracycline-formaldehyde conjugates possess substantially enhanced activity in vitro and in vivo. We
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effects of the volume of 4% neutral phosphate buffered formalin fixative solution on the detection of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) gene by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in primary invasive breast cancer.
METHODS
Tissue samples were
A 65-kDa estrogen receptor (ER) protein has been demonstrated both by sucrose gradient analysis and by immunoblot, using anti-ER monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). Since the ER is denatured in many experimental situations, such as formaldehyde fixing of samples for histochemistry and
BACKGROUND
HER2 expression in breast cancer correlates with increased metastatic potential, higher tumor recurrence rates and improved response to targeted therapies. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) are two methods commonly used for the analysis of HER2 in
Nuclear proteins were extracted from purified nuclei of human primary breast tumors (BrT) and bladder tumors and of human normal breast, kidney and lymphocytes by enzymatic treatment. SDS-Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of nuclear proteins from breast tumors showed different bands in the
The recent discovery that the formaldehyde conjugates of doxorubicin and daunorubicin, Doxoform and Daunoform, are cytotoxic to resistant human breast cancer cells prompted the search for hydrolytically more stable anthracycline-formaldehyde conjugates. Doxoform and Daunoform consist of two
Discovery of the relationship between disease and the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) contained in respiratory gas in human bodies has led to the development of analytical methods and detection systems that can be used for diagnosis. Recent studies, however, have encountered problems using these
We assessed morphology and ERalpha protein and gene expression of two breast cancer cell lines after three different fixatives: neutral-buffered 10% formaldehyde, LN-FIX and FineFIX and varying fixation times. We found that the cell morphology was best preserved in cells fixed with LN-FIX. Two
BACKGROUND
Estrogen receptor (ER) immunocytochemical assay (ICA) can be a useful procedure in patients with breast cancer. The authors sought to study the utility of monoclonal antibody D75P3 gamma (D75) in paraffin-embedded sections of breast cancers.
METHODS
Sixty-seven cases of breast cancer were
The function of different growth factors in the development and progression of malignant tumors and the role of cytotoxic cytokines in the host response generated against neoplasms have been recently studied. Anti-TGF-alpha and anti-TNF-alpha monoclonal antibody families have been developed and