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Ginkgolide B (GB) is one of the ginkgolides isolated from leaves of the Ginkgo biloba tree. The aim of this study was to investigate whether GB has a protective effect on high altitude cerebral edema (HACE) of rats. HACE was induced by hypobaric hypoxia exposure for 24 hours in an animal
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the protective effects of ginkgolide B and hypoxic preconditioning against acute hypoxia injury in mice.
METHODS
Ordinary pressure acute hypoxia model in mice was adopted to observe the ethology, the duration of the death and the degree of brain edema. Meanwhile the
Cerebral ischemia and reperfusion is one of the leading causes for death and severe disabilities in the world and often lead to irreversible brain damage over later lifespan. The aim of this study was to investigate the evolution of pathological damage in cerebral cortex and basal ganglia following
BACKGROUND
It has been known that platelet activating factor receptors (PAFR) may mediate many acute pathological responses and that PAFR antagonist Ginkgolide B (GB) possesses multiple effects, but the actions of GB on PAFR affinity and mitochondrial respiration in the ischemic neuron were unclear
The incidence and mortality of strokes have increased over the past three decades in China. Ischemic strokes can cause a sequence of detrimental events in patients, including increased permeability and dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier, brain edema, metabolic disturbance, endoplasmic reticulum
To investigate the best active compatibility of ginkgolide A, B and K (GA,GB,GK). The effects of GA, GB, GK alone, combinations of each two of them, and combinations of these three components on platelet-activating factor (PAF)-induced platelet aggregation activity and rat cerebral ischemia
BACKGROUND
Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) insult is an important cause of brain injury in neonates. The development of novel treatment strategies for neonates with HI brain injury is urgently needed. Ginkgolide B (GB) is a main component of Ginkgo biloba extracts with a long history of use in
The goal of this study was to estimate the blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability of Ginkgolide B in normal condition and models of ischemia both in vivo and in vitro. A sensitive LC-MS/MS analytical method was developed to determinate accurately the concentration of Ginkgolide B in cell, plasma and
BACKGROUND
It has been recognized that phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is a crucial component of snake venom, which contributes greatly to snake venom induced inflammation in man. However, the mechanisms through which N49 PLA2 provoke inflammation remain unclear. Recently, a N49 PLA2, TM-N49 from
Ginkgolide B (GB) has potent neuroprotective effects against ischemia-induced brain injury in vivo and in vitro. However, the underlying mechanisms of GB's neuroprotection remain poorly understood. Excessive inflammation and apoptosis contribute to the pathogenesis of ischemic brain damage, and
The role of oxidative stress in hyperthermia induced upregulation of constitutive and inducible isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the central nervous system (CNS) was investigated using immunohistochemistry in a rat model. Exposure of rats to heat stress at 38 degrees C for 4 h resulted in
Shuxuening injection (SXNI), one of the pharmaceutical preparations of Ginkgo biloba extract, has significant effects on both ischemic stroke and heart diseases from bench to bedside. Its major active ingredients are ginkgo flavonol glycosides (GFGs) and ginkgolides (GGs). We have previously
Following ischemic stroke, blood-brain barrier (BBB) is disrupted and is further aggravated with the corresponding incidence of hyperlipidemia. BBB breakdown promotes inflammation infiltration into the brain, which exacerbates cerebral ischemic injury as a result. Here, we report that
The in vivo and in vitro pharmacological effects of leptoxin, one of the most lethal protein toxins known at present date (LD(50) 0.5+/-0.03 microg/kg i.v., mice) isolated from Leptodactylus pentadactylus skin secretion, were studied. In rats, leptoxin (1.0 microg/kg, i.v.) induced cardiorespiratory
Cerebral ischemic and reperfusion injury often accompany with inflammation, and lead to severe neuronal damage, which further result in neurological disorders and memory disorders. In this study, we researched XQ-1H, a novel derivative of ginkgolide B, protecting against ischemic stroke in mice