apocynin/edema

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Attenuation of brain edema and spatial learning deﬁcits by the inhibition of NADPH oxidase activity using apocynin following diffuse traumatic brain injury in rats.

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Diffuse brain injury (DBI) is a leading cause of mortality and disability among young individuals and adults worldwide. In specific cases, DBI is associated with permanent spatial learning dysfunction and motor deficits due to primary and secondary brain damage. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

Administration of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) inhibits cold injury-induced brain edema in mice.

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Brain edema is the most life-threatening complication that occurs as a result of a number of insults to the brain. However, its therapeutic options are insufficiently effective. We have recently found that administration of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) inhibits retinal hyperpermeability

Protective Role of Apocynin via Suppression of Neuronal Autophagy and TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway in a Rat Model of Traumatic Brain Injury.

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Neuronal autophagy and inflammatory responses are important in the pathogenesis of traumatic brain injury (TBI), and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) may play an important role in the related molecular cascade. The present study investigated the protective effect of apocynin, an inhibitor of NADPH

The effect of NADPH-oxidase inhibitor apocynin on cognitive impairment induced by moderate lateral fluid percussion injury: role of inflammatory and oxidative brain damage.

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a devastating disease that commonly causes persistent mental disturbances and cognitive deficits. Although studies have indicated that overproduction of free radicals, especially superoxide (O2(-)) derived from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)

Effect of Pretreatment with the NADPH Oxidase Inhibitor Apocynin on the Therapeutic Efficacy of Human Placenta-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

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Several studies have demonstrated the beneficial effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Enhancement of the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs in ICH is necessary, considering the diseases high association with mortality and morbidity. Various preconditioning methods to

Novel anti-inflammatory film as a delivery system for the external medication with bioactive phytochemical "Apocynin".

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UNASSIGNED Recently, Apocynin (APO) has emerged as a bioactive phytochemical with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. No reports have been published so far concerning its topical application as a pharmaceutical dosage form for prospective use. To the best of our knowledge, this is

NOX2 inhibition with apocynin worsens stroke outcome in aged rats.

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This study utilized middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) to assess inhibition of the NOX2 isoform of NADPH oxidase on brain injury and functional recovery in aged rats. Effects of NOX2 on the degree of brain injury and functional recovery following MCAO and

Cerebrovascular dysfunction and blood-brain barrier permeability induced by oxidized LDL are prevented by apocynin and magnesium sulfate in female rats.

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Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is elevated during several neurologic conditions that involve cerebral edema formation, including severe preeclampsia and eclampsia; however, our understanding of its effect on the cerebral vasculature is limited. We hypothesized that oxLDL induced

Role of pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell apoptosis in murine sepsis-induced lung injury in vivo.

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BACKGROUND Sepsis remains a common and serious condition with significant morbidity and mortality due to multiple organ dysfunction, especially acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Sepsis-induced ALI is characterized by injury and dysfunction of the pulmonary

Pressure-dependent NOS activation contributes to endothelial hyperpermeability in a model of acute heart failure.

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Aims: Acute increases in left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) can induce pulmonary edema (PE). The mechanism(s) for this rapid onset edema may involve more than just increased fluid filtration. Lung endothelial cell permeability is regulated by pressure-dependent activation of nitric

Influence of NADPH oxidase inhibition on oxidative stress parameters in rat hearts.

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BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess whether apocynin, an nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase blocker, influences lipid peroxidation TBARS, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, protein level, heart edema, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) concentration or the glutathione

Inhibition of the myosin light chain kinase prevents hypoxia-induced blood-brain barrier disruption.

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Increased mortality after stroke is associated with development of brain edema. The aim of the present study was to examine the contribution of endothelial myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation to hypoxia-induced blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening. Measurements of trans-endothelial electrical

Increased Blood Pressure Causes Lymphatic Endothelial Dysfunction via Oxidative Stress in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

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The lymphatic system is involved in the pathogenesis of edema, inflammation, and cancer metastasis. Because lymph vessels control fluid electrolytes and volume balance, changes in lymphatic activity can be expected to alter systemic blood pressure. This study examined possible changes in lymphatic

Anthrax lethal toxin suppresses murine cardiomyocyte contractile function and intracellular Ca2+ handling via a NADPH oxidase-dependent mechanism.

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OBJECTIVE Anthrax infection is associated with devastating cardiovascular sequelae, suggesting unfavorable cardiovascular effects of toxins originated from Bacillus anthracis namely lethal and edema toxins. This study was designed to examine the direct effect of lethal toxins on cardiomyocyte

Acute NADPH oxidase activation potentiates cerebrovascular permeability response to bradykinin in ischemia-reperfusion.

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Free radical generation is a key event in cerebral reperfusion injury. Bradykinin (Bk) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) have both been implicated in edema formation after stroke, although acute Bk application itself results in only a modest permeability increase. We have investigated the molecular

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