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Two constructs of transgenic mice, TG61 and TG72, containing the HIV-1 protease linked to the lens alpha A-crystallin promoter develop cataract. The TG61 construct develop cataract in utero, while the TG72 construct exhibit frank opacities on the 24th day (homozygotes) and 26th day (hemizygotes)
Transgenic mice, homozygous for HIV-1 protease expression in the eye lens, display degradation of some lens crystallins and cytoskeletal proteins prior to cataract formation on postnatal days 23-25. Alterations to the internal lens hydration state also occur; therefore, the status of the aquaporin
The purpose of this experiment was to test the effectiveness of E64 in prevention of selenite nuclear cataract in the whole animal. E64 is an inhibitor of cysteine proteases such as calpain (EC.3.4.22.17). In the whole animal, daily intraperitoneal injection of E64 was mildly effective in slowing
Previous studies identified serine, cysteine and metalloproteases in normal aqueous humours (AH) and suggested that a balance between proteases and their inhibitors may play a role in the modulation of the AH outflow. We aimed to determine whether secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), a
This study was undertaken to isolate and characterize the protease activity of human eye lens sample of mature and hyper mature cataract. Samples were collected just after surgery of the cataract lens and were stored at -20 degrees C. The total protein extract was isolated from 5 samples in each
Cataracts were produced in cultured rat lenses by either 10 microM calcium ionophore A23187, 25 microM sodium selenite, or 30 mM xylose. E64, an inhibitor of cysteine proteases, such as calpain (EC, 3.4.22.17), reduced severity of cataract and proteolysis of crystallins when included at a 500 microM
Exopeptidases identified as dipeptidyl peptidase III and leucine aminopeptidase, and an endopeptidase, prolyl endopeptidase, were found in the Emory Mouse cataract and the Cataract Resistant mouse lens extracts. The specific activity measured on Arg-Arg-2-NNap for DPP III and the hydrolysis of
Over 95% of the dry mass of the eye lens consists of specialized proteins called crystallins. Aged lenses are subject to cataract formation, in which damage, cross-linking, and precipitation of crystallins contribute to a loss of lens clarity. Cataract is one of the major causes of blindness, and it
The purpose of this experiment was to determine the contribution of calpain proteolytic enzyme (EC 3.4.22.17) in the formation of nuclear cataract during lens culture in xylose. Increased lens calcium was found to be required for formation of xylose nuclear cataract in our culture system. Inhibition
Cataracts were produced in rat lenses by either feeding a diet containing 50% galactose or by inducing diabetic condition by intravenous injection of streptozotocin. Proteolysis of crystallins, protease activity of calpain II enzyme (EC 3.4.22.17), and presence of calpain molecule (antigen) were
Selenite-cataracts incorporated many morphological characteristics observed in human senile catracts. Progressive elevation of sodium, marked loss of potassium, several fold increment of calcium; considerable loss of magnesium levels, a dose-response reduction of total-ATPase activity and
The purpose of this experiment was to assess the roles of free, intracellular calcium and calcium-dependent neutral protease (calpain II, EC.34.22.17) in selenite nuclear cataract. Free calcium ion concentrations within lens nuclear fibers during selenite cataractogenesis increased to 3 microM on
Several lines of transgenic mice were generated with either active or inactive forms of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease gene under the control of the mouse lens alpha A-crystallin promoter. Mice bearing the inactive protease coding sequence displayed no gross abnormalities
Proteins of lens fiber cells are prone to accumulate extensive post-translational modifications because of very little protein turnover. Lens proteins are degraded via the lens proteolytic systems into peptides, which are subsequently hydrolyzed by downstream aminopeptidases. Inefficient degradation