coclaurine/papaver

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Comparative transcriptome analysis using high papaverine mutant of Papaver somniferum reveals pathway and uncharacterized steps of papaverine biosynthesis.

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The benzylisoquinoline alkaloid papaverine, synthesized in low amount in most of the opium poppy varieties of Papaver somniferum, is used as a vasodilator muscle relaxant and antispasmodic. Papaverine biosynthesis remains controversial as two different routes utilizing either (S)-coclaurine or

Evaluation of the mass spectrometric fragmentation of codeine and morphine after 13C-isotope biosynthetic labeling.

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All major fragment ions of codeine and morphine were elucidated using LC-electrospray MS/MS and high resolution FT-ICR-MS combined with an IRMPD system. Nanogram quantities of labeled codeine were isolated and purified from Papaver somniferum seedlings, which were grown for up to 9 days in the

Molecular cloning and characterization of tetrahydroprotoberberine cis-N-methyltransferase, an enzyme involved in alkaloid biosynthesis in opium poppy.

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S-Adenosyl-l-methionine:tetrahydroprotoberberine cis-N-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.122) catalyzes the conversion of (S)-stylopine to the quaternary ammonium alkaloid, (S)-cis-N-methylstylopine, as a key step in the biosynthesis of protopine and benzophenanthridine alkaloids in plants. A full-length

Developmental and inducible accumulation of gene transcripts involved in alkaloid biosynthesis in opium poppy.

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Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) produces a large number of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, including morphine and sanguinarine, derived from tyrosine via the branch-point intermediate (S)-reticuline. Molecular clones for the three methlytransferases involved in (S)-reticuline biosynthesis,

Systematic silencing of benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthetic genes reveals the major route to papaverine in opium poppy.

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Papaverine, a major benzylisoquinoline alkaloid in opium poppy (Papaver somniferum), is used as a vasodilator and antispasmodic. Conversion of the initial intermediate (S)-norcoclaurine to papaverine involves 3'-hydroxylation, four O-methylations and dehydrogenation. However, our understanding of

Modulation of benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis by overexpression berberine bridge enzyme in Macleaya cordata.

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Macleaya cordata produces a variety of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs), such as sanguinarine, protopine, and berberine, which are potential anticancer drugs and natural growth promoters. The genes encoding the berberine bridge enzyme (BBE) were isolated from M. cordata and Papaver somniferum,

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