consciousness disorders/atrophy

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Subcortical atrophy correlates with the Perturbational Complexity Index in patients with disorders of consciousness

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Background: The complexity of neurophysiological brain responses to direct cortical stimulation, referred to as the perturbational complexity index (PCI), has been shown able to discriminate between consciousness and unconsciousness in

Primary cerebral arteritis in a young girl: an unusual cause of acute recurrent neurological deterioration.

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BACKGROUND Primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) is an idiopathic, usually recurrent vasculitis confined to the brain. PACNS has been reported rarely in children, although the disease is probably underdiagnosed. METHODS : We report the clinical history of a 3-year-old girl who

The effect of electrical muscle stimulation on the prevention of disuse muscle atrophy in patients with consciousness disturbance in the intensive care unit.

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OBJECTIVE Disuse atrophy of the lower limbs of patients with consciousness disturbance has often been recognized as "an unavoidable consequence," such that the mechanism was not investigated diligently. In this study, we examined the preventive effects of electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) against

Management of patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension causing altered level of consciousness: report of two cases and review of literature.

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BACKGROUND Decreased level of consciousness is a rare neurological manifestation of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH), which typically presents with orthostatic headache. The optimal management of this uncommon presentation remains uncertain. METHODS We analyzed the presentation, management

Conventional Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Differentiating Chronic Disorders of Consciousness.

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Differential diagnosis of unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) and minimally conscious state (MCS) is one of the most challenging problems for specialists who deal with chronic disorders of consciousness (DOC). The aim of the current study was to develop a conventional MRI-based scale and to

Cerebrovascular disease in children.

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Stroke although rare in children, is an important cause of morbidity in the paediatric age group. Over a period of 8 years, 43 children (17 boys and 26 girls) in the age groups of 1-16 years (mean 8.02 yrs) presented with stroke which constituted 10% of all strokes in the young and 0.7% of all

Cerebral injuries and intracranial hemorrhages as a result of trauma.

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Cerebral injuries refer to an actual injury to the brain matter. Injuries seen are concussion, contusion, or diffuse axonal injury. Bleeding into any of the meningeal spaces, brain, or ventricles is known as intracranial hemorrhage. Seldom do cerebral injuries appear as distinct entities but rather

[Severe course of tick-borne encephalitis (Encephalomeningomyelitis): a case report].

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A 19-year-old male student was admitted to the Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections with suspected encephalomeningitis. Three weeks before admission the patient was bitten by a tick. The first symptoms were manifested by mild consciousness disorders, headache, vomiting, and fever

[A case of surgically treated left atrial myxoma early after cerebral embolism].

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A 48-year-old female had been visiting the outpatient clinic for treatment of polyarthritis before she was admitted to the hospital due to consciousness disorder and right hemiplegia. Brain computed tomography revealed a small infarction in the left cerebrum. Echocardiography revealed a mass in the

Protocol for an observational study of delirium in the post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU) as a potential predictor of subsequent postoperative delirium.

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BACKGROUND Postoperative delirium can be a serious consequence of major surgery, associated with longer hospital stays, readmission, cognitive and functional deterioration and mortality. Delirium is an acute, reversible disorder characterised by fluctuating course, inattention, disorganised thinking

Combined surgery and embolization to treat ruptured cerebral aneurysms with cerebral hematoma and intracranial hypertension: a retrospective analysis and review of the literature.

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OBJECTIVE To determine whether the urgent embolization of a cerebral aneurysms and posterior surgery on cerebral hematomas is safe and efficacious in patients with hematomas and signs of intracranial hypertension due to the rupture of cerebral aneurysms. METHODS We included 23 consecutive patients

Unexpected hypoglycemia in a critically ill patient.

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Administration of the wrong medication is a serious and understudied problem. Because physicians are not directly involved in the drug administration process, they tend to overlook the possibility of adverse drug events and medication errors in their differential diagnoses of patient illnesses or

[Posterior intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus and cognitive processes].

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BACKGROUND The parafascicular nucleus in rats and the centromedian parafascicular complex in primates and other mammals are the so-called posterior intralaminar nuclei (pIL) of the thalamus. Like the ascending reticular activating system and the basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuit, the pIL nuclei

Organophosphate Poisoning: Demographics, Severity Scores and Outcomes From National Poisoning Control Centre, Karachi

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Introduction Organophosphate ingestion is the commonest cause of self-harm encountered at poison control centers in Pakistan. It usually affects a young populous. Organophosphates are found in various forms and formulations that are easily accessible to the general public. These compounds are

Nurse decision making in the prearrest period.

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There is a significant body of research demonstrating that many hospitalized patients exhibit signs of clinical deterioration prior to experiencing a cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA).This qualitative study used the critical decision method to describe the cues and factors employed by nurses to identify

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