Group 1: receiving a probiotic mixture (Omni-Biotic® 10 AAD) twice a day

Group 2: receiving a similar looking and tasting placebo without bacteria twice a day

COVID

Bacterial strains in Omni-Biotic® 10 AAD are Bifidobacterium bifidum W23, Bifidobacterium lactis W51, Enterococcus faecium W54, Lactobacillus acidophilus W37, Lactobacillus acidophilus W55, Lactobacillus paracasei W20, Lactobacillus plantarum W1, Lactobacillus plantarum W62, Lactobacillus rhamnosus W71 and Lactobacillus salivarius W24 which are embedded in a matrix containing maize starch, maltodextrin, inulin, potassium chloride, hydrolysed rice protein, magnesium sulphate, fructooligosaccharide (FOS), enzymes (amylases), vanilla flavour and manganese sulphate

Omnibiotic AAD

matrix containing maize starch, maltodextrin, inulin, potassium chloride, hydrolysed rice protein, magnesium sulphate, fructooligosaccharide (FOS), enzymes (amylases), vanilla flavour and manganese sulphate.

Placebo

Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz

Synbiotic Therapy of Gastrointestinal Symptoms During Covid-19 Infection

Synbiotic Therapy of Gastrointestinal Symptoms During Covid-19 Infection: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo Controlled, Telemedicine Study (SynCov Study)

Duration of diarrhea (defined as days with 3 or more loose stools)

Stool consistency according to Bristol stool scale for each evacuation, score 1-7, a higher score means a lower stool consistancy

presence of anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, bloating (yes/no)

days patients feel sick, are not able to work or are on sick leave

Upload of microbiome sequences and metadata to a repository

Medical University of Graz

Infant Formula with Lactobacillus salivarius AP-32.

Infant Formula with Bifidobacterium lactis CP-9.

The infant formula without any probiotic.

Probiotics Infant Formula

Infants Health

Feeding baby two meals a day with Infant formula with probiotics (10^8 colony-forming unit per gram) at least.

Probiotic A formula

Probiotic B formula

Feeding baby two meals a day with regular formula at least.

Regular formula

Department of Pediatrics, Children Hospital, China Medical University

The Impact of Infant Formula With Probiotics on Infants Health

All babies are monitored for adverse events such as vomiting, diarrhea or bloating.

The baby will record the body weight before taking infant formula. During the half-year trial period, the body weight will also be measured every 2 months.

The baby will record the body height before taking infant formula. During the half-year trial period, the body height will also be measured every 2 months.

The baby will record the head circumference before taking infant formula. During the half-year trial period, the head circumference will also be measured every 2 months.

Hung-Chih Lin

Attending physician

China Medical University Hospital

Glac Biotech Co., Ltd

10 children with neuroblastoma. Inclusion after verification of diagnosis and informed consent.
Sampling of fecal microbiome (Initial microbiome, microbiome under chemotherapy, final microbiome), fecal volatile organic compounds (initial fecal volatile organic compounds, fecal volatile organic compounds under chemotherapy and final fecal volatile organic compounds) and breath organic volatile compounds (initial breath organic compounds, breath volatile organic compounds under chemotherapy and final breath volatile organic compounds).
Samples will be taken after verifying diagnosis before initiation of chemotherapy, 1 week after completion of each cycle and 3 weeks after the end of chemotherapy.

10 children without gastro-intestinal or pulmonary disease as age and sex matched controls to the neuroblastoma group. Patients will be recruited from paediatric surgery. Inclusion after informed consent.
Sampling of fecal microbiome (initial fecal microbiome), fecal volatile organic compounds (initial fecal volatile organic compounds) and breath organic volatile compounds (initial breath volatile organic compounds).
Samples will be taken as age and sex matched controls for the neuroblastoma group. Sampling will be done once after obtaining informed consent.

Microbial Colonization

Neuroblastoma

Children, Only

Stool sampling for fecal microbiome analysis by 16S rDNA pyrosequencing. Neuroblastoma group and Control group.

Initial fecal microbiome

Volatile organic compound analysis of stool samples by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy Neuroblastoma group and Control group.

Initial fecal volatile organic compounds

Breath sampling for organic compound analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy Neuroblastoma group and Control group.

Initial breath volatile organic compounds

Stool sampling under chemotherapy of children in neuroblastoma group (1 sample 1 week after completion of each chemotherapy cycle). Chemotherapy according to Société Internationale d´Onclogie Pediatrique Neuroblastoma Group (SIOPEN) guidelines

Microbiome under chemotherapy

Stool sampling under chemotherapy of children in neuroblastoma group (1 sample 1 week after completion of each chemotherapy cycle). Chemotherapy according to SIOPEN guidelines.
Neuroblastoma group

Fecal volatile organic compounds under chemotherapy

Breath sampling under chemotherapy of children in neuroblastoma group (1 sample 1 week after completion of each chemotherapy cycle). Chemotherapy according to SIOPEN guidelines.
Neuroblastoma group

Breath volatile organic compounds under chemotherapy

Stool sampling 3 weeks after completion of chemotherapy Neuroblastoma group

Final microbiome

Final fecal volatile organic compounds

Breath sampling 3 weeks after completion of chemotherapy Neuroblastoma group

Final breath volatile organic compounds

Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Austria

Investigating the Microbiome and Volatile Organic Compound Profile of Children With Neuroblastoma

Investigating the Microbiome and Volatile Organic Compound Profile of Children With Neuroblastoma - a Pilot Study

Alpha and beta diversity, relative bacterial abundance at different levels in percent.

Body weight (in kg) and height (in m) will be determined to calculate the body mass index (BMI in kg/m^2).

Body weight (in kg) and height (in m) will be determined to calculate the Body mass index (BMI in kg/m^2).

Assessment of the mucositis score according to the WHO criteria (WHO handbook for reporting results of cancer Treatment; WHO Offset publication no 48) The score contains 5 subitems which are evaluated separately. At the end a total score is derived by adding the results of all items.
Subitem 1: oral mucosa; range 0 (best) to 4 (worst) Subitem 2: nausea and vomiting; range from 0 (best) to 4 (worst) Subitem 3: diarrhea; range from 0 (best) to 4 (worst) Subitem 4: constipation; range from 0 (best) to 4 (worst) Subitem 5: abdominal pain; range from 0 (best) to 4 (worst)

Volatile organic compounds in ppb in the exhaled breath.

Volatile organic compounds in ppb in stool samples.

Neuroblastoma group: Children with neuroblastoma enrolled after verification of diagnosis. Sampling before initiation of chemotherapy and under chemotherapy.
Control group: healthy children without gastro-intestinal or pulmonary disease recruited from paediatric surgery.

dysbiosis/vomiting

Synbiotic Therapy of Gastrointestinal Symptoms During Covid-19 Infection

The Impact of Infant Formula With Probiotics on Infants Health

Investigating the Microbiome and Volatile Organic Compound Profile of Children With Neuroblastoma

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