ependymoma/hypoxia

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Into Thin Air: Hypoxia Drives Metabolic and Epigenomic Deregulation of Lethal Pediatric Ependymoma

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Posterior fossa type A (PFA) ependymoma is a lethal pediatric brain tumor proposed to be driven solely by epigenetic deregulation. Michealraj et al. (2020) demonstrate that hypoxia reprograms PFA metabolism and, subsequently, the epigenome toward H3K27 hypomethylation, mirroring transcriptional and

Vascularization and expression of hypoxia-related tissue factors in intracranial ependymoma and their impact on patient survival.

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We investigated angiogenic patterns and expression of hypoxia-related tissue factors and their prognostic impact in 100 cases of intracranial ependymoma. Angiogenic patterns were evaluated by anti-CD34 immunolabeling. Hypoxia-related factors carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1

Hypoxia-Induced Epigenetic Dysregulation Promotes Infantile Ependymoma

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Posterior fossa A (PFA) ependymomas required a hypoxic environment to maintain their epigenomes.

Understanding the Deadly Silence of Posterior Fossa A Ependymoma

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In a breakthrough study in a recent issue of Cell, Michealraj et al. (2020) demonstrate that posterior fossa A ependymoma, a lethal pediatric brain tumor with a silent genome, is dependent upon metabolic changes associated with hypoxia that drive the tumor's characteristic epigenetic dysregulation.

Myxopapillary ependymoma of the lateral ventricle. A study on the mechanism of its stromal myxoid change.

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Reported was the first case of myxopapillary ependymoma arising from the right lateral ventricle of a 29-year-old Japanese male. The histological and ultrastructural findings were identical to those from the filum terminale. It was suggested that insudation of plasma proteins found within

Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors in the anaplastic progression of astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, and ependymoma.

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Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a hypoxia-inducible angiogenic factor, which is known to be upregulated in most cases of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The expression of VEGF and its receptors in ependymomas, oligodendrogliomas, and particularly the expression during anaplastic

Metabolic Regulation of the Epigenome Drives Lethal Infantile Ependymoma

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Posterior fossa A (PFA) ependymomas are lethal malignancies of the hindbrain in infants and toddlers. Lacking highly recurrent somatic mutations, PFA ependymomas are proposed to be epigenetically driven tumors for which model systems are lacking. Here we demonstrate that PFA ependymomas are

Lack of efficacy of bevacizumab + irinotecan in cases of pediatric recurrent ependymoma--a Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium study.

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A phase II study of bevacizumab (BVZ) plus irinotecan (CPT-11) was conducted in cases of pediatric recurrent ependymoma (EPN) to estimate sustained objective response rate and progression-free survival (PFS). Eligible patients received 2 doses of single-agent BVZ intravenously (10 mg/kg) 2 weeks

Brain Tumor Stem-Like Cells Identified by Neural Stem Cell Marker CD15.

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In recent years, a small number of cells that have stem cell properties were identified in human gliomas called brain tumor stem cells (BTSCs), which were thought to mainly contribute to the initiation and development of gliomas and could be identified by the surface marker CD133. However, recent

Differential responsiveness among "high risk" pediatric brain tumors in a pilot study of dose-intensive induction chemotherapy.

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BACKGROUND These factors have been predictive for progressive disease on therapy (PDOT) among pediatric brain tumors: >1.5 cm(2) unresectable tumor, glioblastoma, supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor, and metastatic medulloblastoma (MBL). This pilot study sought to correlate cytoreductive

Molecular evidence of apoptotic death in malignant brain tumors including glioblastoma multiforme: upregulation of calpain and caspase-3.

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Cell death in the core of human brain tumors is triggered by hypoxia and lack of nutrients, but the mode of cell death whether necrosis or apoptosis is not clearly defined. To identify the role of apoptosis in brain tumor cell death, we investigated macromolecular (RNA and protein) synthesis and

The Expression of Carbonic Anhydrases II, IX and XII in Brain Tumors

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Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are zinc-containing metalloenzymes that participate in the regulation of pH homeostasis in addition to many other important physiological functions. Importantly, CAs have been associated with neoplastic processes and cancer. Brain tumors represent a heterogeneous group of

ZEB1 Promotes Invasion in Human Fetal Neural Stem Cells and Hypoxic Glioma Neurospheres.

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Diffuse spread through brain parenchyma and the presence of hypoxic foci rimmed by neoplastic cells are two cardinal features of glioblastoma, and low oxygen is thought to drive movement of malignant gliomas in the core of the lesions. Transcription factors associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal

Aurora A is differentially expressed in gliomas, is associated with patient survival in glioblastoma and is a potential chemotherapeutic target in gliomas.

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Aurora A is critical for mitosis and is overexpressed in several neoplasms. Its overexpression transforms cultured cells, and both its overexpression and knockdown cause genomic instability. In transgenic mice, Aurora A haploinsufficiency, not overexpression, leads to increased malignant tumor

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