Chronic periodontitis patients had at least one site per quadrant with clinical probing depth (CPD) > 5mm and radiographic evidence of bone loss

Generalised chronic gingivitis patients presented with bleeding on probing (BOP) at > 30% of sites, CPDs < 4mm and no evidence of bone loss

Healthy subjects had < 10% sites with BOP and no sites with CPD > 3mm

The tongue coating was collected with repeated strokes under relative pressure, using a sterile plastic microbiology loop of 10μl capacity from the terminal sulcus to the apex of the tongue. Samples were stored on ice in 1.5ml sterile Eppendorf tubes containing 0.4ml purified H2O. After vortex mixing for 30 seconds to evenly disperse the material the samples were stored at -70oC until required. The laboratory analysis was performed blind. Once thawed the tongue specimen was vortex mixed for 30 seconds and an aliquot was taken for subsequent use in the real-time PCR analysis. Lysates of samples were prepared by boiling the aliquot for 10 minutes after puncturing the cap with a fine sterile needle to prevent pressure build up.

Halitosis

Periodontitis

Gingivitis

Dental School, Aristotle University

Oral Malodour and Periodontal Disease-related Parameters

Oral Malodour and Periodontal Disease-related Parameters. Clinical and Real-time PCR Findings

Subjects were designated as halitosis positive (+) when either the organoleptic score of the whole mouth air was two or more, and/or the readings of the Halimeter® exceeded 140 p.p.b.

Assessment of tongue coating:
The Winkel Tongue Coating Index (Winkel et al., 2003) was visually determined by dividing the dorsum of the tongue into sextants. A score between zero and two was given to each sextant according to the amount of deposits and these scores were added giving a total ranging from zero to 12.

A specimen was collected from the rear of the tongue dorsum for quantitative analysis of two putative periodontal pathogens, P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum, by real-time PCR.

plaque index, clinical probing depth, clinical attachment levels and bleeding on probing.

isoamyl alcohol/hemorrhage

Oral Malodour and Periodontal Disease-related Parameters

Baz done ki pi konplè remèd fèy medsin te apiye nan syans