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N-Acylethanolamines (NAEs) are fatty-acid derivatives with potent biological activities in a wide range of eukaryotic organisms. Polyunsaturated NAEs are among the most abundant NAE types in seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana, and they can be metabolized by either fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) or by
Modern diets are often deficient in omega-3 fatty acids and additional dietary sources of omega-3 fatty acids are useful. In order to investigate the molecular basis of the high accumulation of the omega-3 fatty acid, alpha-linolenic acid (18:3), in three different plants, flax (Linum
Nitro-fatty acids (NO2-FAs), which are the result of the interaction between reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and non-saturated fatty acids, constitute a new research area in plant systems, and their study has significantly increased. Very recently, the endogenous presence of nitro-linolenic acid
Previous studies have shown that a mutant of Arabidopsis that lacks the Toc159 receptor is impaired in chloroplast biogenesis. The mutant is referred as plastid protein import 2 or ppi2 and has an albino phenotype due to its inability to import the photosynthetic proteins. In this study, we measured
Nitro-fatty acids (NO2-FAs) are the product of the reaction between reactive nitrogen species derived of nitric oxide (NO) and unsaturated fatty acids. In animal systems, NO2-FAs are considered novel signaling mediators of cell function based on a proven antiinflammatory response. Nevertheless, the
Linolenic acid (Ln) released from chloroplast membrane galactolipids is a precursor of the phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA). The involvement of this hormone in different plant biological processes, such as responses to biotic stress conditions, has been extensively studied. However, the role of Ln in
α-linolenic acid (ALA) deficiency and a skewed ω6: ω3 fatty acid ratio in the diet are thought to be a major cause for the high incidence of cardiovascular, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases. Recent years, tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.) with the high proportion of ALA (more than 45% in
The isoleucine conjugate of 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA-Ile), a new member of the jasmonate family, was recently identified in Arabidopsis thaliana and might be a signaling molecule in plants. However, the biosynthesis and function of OPDA-Ile remains elusive. This study reports an in vitro
For decades, genetic engineering approaches to produce unusual fatty acids (UFAs) in crops has reached a bottleneck, including reduced seed oil production and seed vigor. Currently, plant models in the field of research are primarily used to investigate defects in oil production and seedling
Oxidation products of the poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) arachidonic acid, α-linolenic acid and docosahexaenoic acid are bioactive in plants and animals as shown for the cyclopentenones prostaglandin 15d-PGJ2 and PGA2, cis-(+)-12-oxophytodienoic acid (12-OPDA), and 14-A-4 neuroprostane. In
Synthesis of unsaturated monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) was examined in a mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. containing reduced levels of hexadecatrienoic (16:3) and linolenic (18:3) acids in leaf lipids. Molecular species composition and labeling kinetics following the incorporation of
Under heat stress, polyunsaturated acyl groups, such as α-linolenate (18:3) and hexadecatrienoate (16:3), are removed from chloroplastic glycerolipids in various plant species. Here, we showed that a lipase designated HEAT INDUCIBLE LIPASE1 (HIL1) induces the catabolism of
The very high proportions of trienoic fatty acids found in chloroplast membranes of all higher plants suggest that these lipid structures might be essential for photosynthesis. We report here on the production of Arabidopsis triple mutants that contain negligible levels of trienoic fatty acids.
Plant α-dioxygenases (α-DOX) are fatty acid-hydroperoxidases that contribute to the synthesis of oxylipins, a diverse group of compounds primarily generated through oxidation of linoleic (LA) and linolenic acid (LNA). Oxylipins are implicated in plant signaling against biotic and abiotic stresses.
Oil bodies are intracellular structures present in the seed and leaf cells of many land plants. Seed oil bodies are known to function as storage compartments for lipids. However, the physiological function of leaf oil bodies is unknown. Here, we show that leaf oil bodies function as subcellular