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Altered lignin structure and resistance to pathogens in spi 2-expressing tobacco plants.

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The physiological role of the Norway spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst.] spi 2 gene, encoding a defense-related cationic peroxidase was examined in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Expression of spi 2, under control of the 35S promoter, in tobacco plants resulted in higher total peroxidase

Heterologous expression of the isopimaric acid pathway in Nicotiana benthamiana and the effect of N-terminal modifications of the involved cytochrome P450 enzyme.

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BACKGROUND Plant terpenoids are known for their diversity, stereochemical complexity, and their commercial interest as pharmaceuticals, food additives, and cosmetics. Developing biotechnology approaches for the production of these compounds in heterologous hosts can increase their market

Targeted expression of a synthetic codon optimized gene, encoding the spruce budworm antifreeze protein, leads to accumulation of antifreeze activity in the apoplasts of transgenic tobacco.

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A synthetic gene based on the primary sequence of the mature spruce budworm antifreeze protein (sbwAFP) was constructed by primer overlap extension. The amino acid codons were chosen to mimic those of a highly expressed tobacco nuclear gene. A DNA sequence encoding the amino-terminal leader sequence

Cell wall lignin is polymerised by class III secretable plant peroxidases in Norway spruce.

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Class III secretable plant peroxidases occur as a large family of genes in plants with many functions and probable redundancy. In this review we are concentrating on the evidence we have on the catalysis of lignin polymerization by class III plant peroxidases present in the apoplastic space in the

Homologues of the green algal gidA gene and the liverwort frxC gene are present on the chloroplast genomes of conifers.

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Strong hybridization signals were obtained from total DNA of two conifers, lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) and Norway spruce (Picea abies), in a Southern blot analysis using a probe derived from the chloroplast gidA gene of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The pine fragments detected by the

Overexpression of PaNAC03, a stress induced NAC gene family transcription factor in Norway spruce leads to reduced flavonol biosynthesis and aberrant embryo development.

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The NAC family of transcription factors is one of the largest gene families of transcription factors in plants and the conifer NAC gene family is at least as large, or possibly larger, as in Arabidopsis. These transcription factors control both developmental and stress induced processes in plants.

Hunting monolignol transporters: membrane proteomics and biochemical transport assays with membrane vesicles of Norway spruce

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Monolignol transport during lignification is a partially solved puzzle: both the mechanism(s) and the transported form of monolignols are unknown in developing xylem of trees. We tested a hypothesis of an active, plasma membrane (PM)-localized transport of monolignol monomers, dimers, and/or

Heterologous array analysis in Pinaceae: hybridization of Pinus taeda cDNA arrays with cDNA from needles and embryogenic cultures of P. Taeda, P. Sylvestris or Picea abies.

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Hybridization of labelled cDNA from various cell types with high-density arrays of expressed sequence tags is a powerful technique for investigating gene expression. Few conifer cDNA libraries have been sequenced. Because of the high level of sequence conservation between Pinus and Picea we have

Comparison of different methods for lignin determination as a basis for calibration of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy and implications of lignoproteins.

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Three commonly employed methods for lignin determination, i.e., the thioglycolic acid (TGA), the acetylbromide (AB), and the acid detergent fiber (ADF) method, were compared using leaves and xylem tissue from five species (Nicotiana tabacum, Populus x canescens, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur, and

Molecular cloning, sequence analysis and elicitor-/ozone-induced accumulation of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase from Norway spruce (Picea abies L.).

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Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) is an enzyme involved in lignin biosynthesis. We have previously isolated pure CAD enzyme from Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) cell culture. Here we report on partial protein sequences of the 42 kDa CAD polypeptide. A cDNA encoding CAD was isolated from the spruce

Studies related to Norway spruce galactoglucomannans: chemical synthesis, conformation analysis, NMR spectroscopic characterization, and molecular recognition of model compounds.

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Galactoglucomannan (GGM) is a polysaccharide mainly consisting of mannose, glucose, and galactose. GGM is the most abundant hemicellulose in the Norway spruce (Picea abies), but is also found in the cell wall of flax seeds, tobacco plants, and kiwifruit. Although several applications for GGM

Conifer R2R3-MYB transcription factors: sequence analyses and gene expression in wood-forming tissues of white spruce (Picea glauca).

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BACKGROUND Several members of the R2R3-MYB family of transcription factors act as regulators of lignin and phenylpropanoid metabolism during wood formation in angiosperm and gymnosperm plants. The angiosperm Arabidopsis has over one hundred R2R3-MYBs genes; however, only a few members of this family

Diterpene resin acid biosynthesis in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda): functional characterization of abietadiene/levopimaradiene synthase (PtTPS-LAS) cDNA and subcellular targeting of PtTPS-LAS and abietadienol/abietadienal oxidase (PtAO, CYP720B1).

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Diterpene resin acids are prominent defense compounds against insect pests and pathogens in conifers. Biochemical and molecular analyses in grand fir (Abies grandis), Norway spruce (Picea abies), and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) have identified two classes of genes and enzymes that generate much of

Production of Putative Diterpene Carboxylic Acid Intermediates of Triptolide in Yeast.

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The development of medical applications exploiting the broad bioactivities of the diterpene therapeutic triptolide from Tripterygium wilfordii is limited by low extraction yields from the native plant. Furthermore, the extraordinarily high structural complexity prevents an economically attractive

Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging for monitoring effects of Heterobasidion parviporum small secreted protein induced cell death and in planta defense gene expression.

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Heterobasidion parviporum Niemelä & Korhonen is a necrotrophic fungal pathogen of Norway spruce (Picea abies). The H. parviporum genome encodes numerous necrotrophic small secreted proteins (SSP) which might be important for promoting and sustaining the disease development. However, their

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