Sepsis Associated Encephalopathy (SAE) Biomarkers
Kulcsszavak
Absztrakt
Leírás
Sepsis associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a common neurological complication of sepsis that is often associated with worse prognosis, yet remains poorly understood. It occurs in the absence of direct brain infection or other types of disease-associated encephalopathy such as hepatic or renal encephalopathy, and is a result of systemic inflammation (1). Clinically, a diagnosis of SAE is made when there is an impaired mental state in the presence of an extracranial infection. Clinical features of SAE include change in mental status (altered mental status/ AMS), disturbances in mental processes, agitation, disorientation, impaired attention, hypersomnolence, delirium or coma. SAE may be an early sign of sepsis that is manifested prior to overt evidence of other organ failures (2), and is an independent prognosticator of morbidity and mortality (3). Moreover, sepsis survivors can suffer from long-term cognitive impairments that impact their quality of life.
The pathophysiology of SAE is a complex constellation of proposed mechanisms that include direct insult to brain tissue from circulating inflammatory mediators that are overexpressed in sepsis, disturbances in metabolic pathways, cellular hypoxia, disruption of the BBB integrity, alterations in neurotransmission, impairment of regulation of the brain perfusion. The consequence of this combination of neuroinflammatory and ischemic processes is neuronal degeneration and cell death (apoptosis).
It is difficult to diagnose SAE early, as sepsis is often a diagnosis of exclusion and can be occult in presentation. For example, emergency physicians may conduct diagnostic studies to evaluate for stroke, metabolic disturbance (i.e. hyponatremia, hypoglycemia, vitamin deficiency, medication reaction), toxicity, seizure or other acute neurologic condition. In addition, severe sepsis patients may be intubated and are often sedated, which poses a challenge to conducting a neurological assessment of their mental status. There may be changes in electroencephalography (EEG), somatosensory-evoked potentials (SSEP), or neuroimaging but these tests lack specificity and SAE remains a diagnosis of exclusion.
Injured neurons release neuron specific proteins that diffuse across the disrupted BBB into the blood and could have diagnostic relevance in diagnosing SAE. Neuron specific enolase (NSE) and S100 beta (S100B) are biomarkers currently used in the setting of SAE and have been studied clinically. There is a lack of human studies on other proteins such as GFAP, co-peptin, Tau, neurofilament light/ heavy chain, UCH-L1, SBDP, MBP, and secretoneurin that have been proposed as potential biomarkers of neurological outcome for other causes of acute brain dysfunction such as traumatic brain injury (TBI) and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathies (HIE) and could potentially serve as candidate biomarkers to diagnose SAE.
Most studies lack a control cohort. The Investigator intends to sample sepsis patients that present to the emergency department but do not develop altered mental status within our study as well.
The Investigator therefore propose a prospective, observational study in which the study team will perform blood biomarker analysis from time of enrollment up to study day 3. This would be done by drawing blood at (0-30mins), and additional blood draws at hours 6, 12, 18, 24, 48, 72. The Investigator will then determine whether biomarker levels correlate with neurologic assessment in the Emergency Department (ED), degree of overall organ dysfunction, survival to hospital admission, survival to hospital discharge, and functional neurologic outcome at discharge and at 6 months.
Dátumok
Utolsó ellenőrzés: | 04/30/2020 |
Első benyújtás: | 04/09/2017 |
Becsült beiratkozás benyújtva: | 04/24/2017 |
Első közzététel: | 04/27/2017 |
Utolsó frissítés beküldve: | 05/06/2020 |
Utolsó frissítés közzétéve: | 05/07/2020 |
A tanulmány tényleges kezdési dátuma: | 05/31/2017 |
Becsült elsődleges befejezési dátum: | 04/17/2021 |
A tanulmány becsült befejezési dátuma: | 04/17/2021 |
Állapot vagy betegség
Beavatkozás / kezelés
Procedure: Blood draws
Fázis
Karcsoportok
Kar | Beavatkozás / kezelés |
---|---|
Sepsis with AMS Patients presenting to the ED with suspected sepsis who develop altered mental status | |
Sepsis without AMS Patients presenting to the ED with suspected sepsis without change in mental status | |
Control Patients presenting to the ED with no suspicion of systemic inflammation that need hospitalization (control category) |
Jogosultsági kritériumok
Tanulásra alkalmas korok | 18 Years Nak nek 18 Years |
Tanulásra alkalmas nemek | All |
Mintavételi módszer | Probability Sample |
Egészséges önkénteseket fogad | Igen |
Kritériumok | Inclusion Criteria: Cohort 1: - ≥ 18 years old - Presented to the emergency department at Shands - Has not donated blood within the last 8 weeks - Willing to participate and follow up at 6 months after discharge from the hospital - Not anemic or have any other hematological disorders that requires transfusions Meets two or more Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) criteria: - Temperature >38°C or <36°C - Heart rate (HR) > 90bpm - Respiratory rate (RR) > 20bpm or partial pressures of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) <32mm mercury (HG) - White Blood Cell (WBC) >12,000/µL or < 4,000/µL or >10% immature/ bands Clinical suspicion of sepsis (blood cultures ordered/ antibiotics started) Altered mental status Enrolled within 6 hours of ED presentation Cohort 2 - ≥ 18 years old - Presented to the emergency department at Shands - Has not donated blood within the last 8 weeks - Willing to participate and follow up at 6 months after discharge from the hospital - Not anemic or have any other hematological disorders that requires transfusions Meets two or more SIRS criteria: - Temperature >38°C or <36°C - HR > 90bpm - RR > 20bpm or PaCO 2 <32mmHG - WBC >12,000/µL or < 4,000/µL or >10% immature/ bands Clinical suspicion of sepsis (blood cultures ordered/ antibiotics started) No altered mental status Enrolled within 6 hours of ED presentation Cohort 3 (control) - Does not meet SIRS criteria - No clinical suspicion of sepsis (no cultures/ antibiotics ordered) - Not altered - Patient has admission orders Exclusion Criteria (all cohorts): - Participating in another interventional, therapeutic study that may affect the results of this study - Subject has neurodegenerative disease or other neurological disorder (dementia, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, seizure disorder, or brain tumours) - History of neurosurgery within the last 30 days - Acute brain injury within the last 30 days (ischemic/ haemorrhagic stroke, traumatic brain injury) - Subject is anemic OR donated blood within the last 8 weeks OR has a hematological disorder that requires transfusions - Subject has history of liver failure OR renal failure - Pregnant or lactating female |
Eredmény
Elsődleges eredménymérők
1. Relationship between biomarkers and neurological outcome- Delirium [1 year]
2. Relationship between biomarkers and neurological outcome - Blessed [1 year]
Másodlagos eredménymérők
1. Relationship between biomarkers and organ dysfunction [1 year]
2. Relationship between biomarkers and overall survival [7-day, 28-day, and 6-months mortality]
3. Degree of neurological impairment [up to 2 weeks]
4. Degree of neurological impairment [6 months after discharge]