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Synthesis and evaluation of (18)F-labeled 4-nitrobenzyl derivatives for imaging tumor hypoxia with positron emission tomography: Comparison of 2-[(18)F]fluoroethyl carbonate and 2-[(18)F]fluoroethyl carbamate.
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Two 4-nitrobenzyl derivatives, 2-fluoroethyl 4-nitrobenzyl carbonate 1 and 4-nitrobenzyl N-2-fluoroethyl carbamate 2, were radiolabeled with (18)F and evaluated for imaging tumor hypoxia with positron emission tomography. Although good tumor uptake was observed for [(18)F]1 and [(18)F]2 (>2.5%ID/g
Abrupt global-ocean anoxia during the Late Ordovician-early Silurian detected using uranium isotopes of marine carbonates.
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Widespread marine anoxia is hypothesized as the trigger for the second pulse of the Late Ordovician (Hirnantian) mass extinction based on lithologic and geochemical proxies that record local bottom waters or porewaters. We test the anoxia hypothesis using δ238U values of marine limestones as a
Multiple episodes of extensive marine anoxia linked to global warming and continental weathering following the latest Permian mass extinction.
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Explaining the ~5-million-year delay in marine biotic recovery following the latest Permian mass extinction, the largest biotic crisis of the Phanerozoic, is a fundamental challenge for both geological and biological sciences. Ocean redox perturbations may have played a critical role in this delayed
An enormous sulfur isotope excursion indicates marine anoxia during the end-Triassic mass extinction
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The role of ocean anoxia as a cause of the end-Triassic marine mass extinction is widely debated. Here, we present carbonate-associated sulfate δ34S data from sections spanning the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic transition, which document synchronous large positive excursions on a global
Anomalous carbonate precipitates: is the Precambrian the key to the Permian?
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Late Permian reefs of the Capitan complex, west Texas; the Magnesian Limestone, England; Chuenmuping reef, south China; and elsewhere contain anomalously large volumes of aragonite and calcite marine cements and sea-floor crusts, as well as abundant microbial precipitates. These components strongly
Authigenic carbonate and the history of the global carbon cycle.
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We present a framework for interpreting the carbon isotopic composition of sedimentary rocks, which in turn requires a fundamental reinterpretation of the carbon cycle and redox budgets over Earth's history. We propose that authigenic carbonate, produced in sediment pore fluids during early
Ammonia excretion and blood gas variation in naked carp (Gymnocypris przewalskii) exposed to acute hypoxia and high alkalinity
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Naked carp (Gymnocypris przewalskii), endemic to the saline-alkaline Lake Qinghai, have the capacity to tolerate combined hypoxia and high alkalinity. This study evaluated the effect of the interaction between carbonate alkalinity and hypoxia on ammonia excretion and blood gas variation in naked
Extensive marine anoxia during the terminal Ediacaran Period.
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The terminal Ediacaran Period witnessed the decline of the Ediacara biota (which may have included many stem-group animals). To test whether oceanic anoxia might have played a role in this evolutionary event, we measured U isotope compositions (δ238U) in sedimentary carbonates from the Dengying
Stable isotope analysis of Dacryoconarid carbonate microfossils: a new tool for Devonian oxygen and carbon isotope stratigraphy.
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BACKGROUND
Dacryoconarids are extinct marine zooplankton known from abundant, globally distributed calcite microfossils in the Devonian, but their shell stable isotope composition has not been previously explored. Devonian stable isotope stratigraphy is currently limited to less common invertebrates
Combined Effects of Acute Temperature Change and Elevated pCO2 on the Metabolic Rates and Hypoxia Tolerances of Clearnose Skate (Rostaraja eglanteria), Summer Flounder (Paralichthys dentatus), and Thorny Skate (Amblyraja radiata).
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Understanding how rising temperatures, ocean acidification, and hypoxia affect the performance of coastal fishes is essential to predicting species-specific responses to climate change. Although a population's habitat influences physiological performance, little work has explicitly examined the
Adaptive respiratory responses of trout to acute hypoxia. I. Effects of water ionic composition on blood acid-base status response and gill morphology.
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The effects of various levels of hypoxia (PWO2 ranging from 10 to 60 Torr) on arterial blood gases (PaO2 and PaCO2) and acid-base status were investigated in trout at 15 degrees C. The hypoxic responses of two stocks of trout living in natural waters having very different levels of NaCl (1.0
Haemodynamic and metabolic effects in diabetic ketoacidosis in rats of treatment with sodium bicarbonate or a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate.
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To examine factors determining the haemodynamic and metabolic responses to treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis with alkali, groups of anaesthetised and ventilated rats with either diabetic ketoacidosis (mean arterial pH 6.86-6.96, mean arterial blood pressure 63-67 mm Hg) or hypovolaemic shock due to
Effects of dimethyl carbonate-induced autophagic activation on follicular development in the mouse ovary.
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Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is a widely used industrial chemical, which may be increasingly used in the future. However, its toxicity profile remains largely unknown. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of DMC exposure on the ovaries and the effect of autophagy activation on
Lactate accumulation in the shell of the turtle Chrysemys picta bellii during anoxia at 3°C and 10°C
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Lactate concentrations were measured in the shell and plasma of the turtle Chrysemys picta bellii after 3 months of submergence anoxia at 3°C and during and after 9 days of submergence anoxia at 10°C. Liver and skeletal muscle lactate levels were also measured in control and anoxic animals
Comparative shell buffering properties correlate with anoxia tolerance in freshwater turtles.
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Freshwater turtles as a group are more resistant to anoxia than other vertebrates, but some species, such as painted turtles, for reasons not fully understood, can remain anoxic at winter temperatures far longer than others. Because buffering of lactic acid by the shell of the painted turtle is
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