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Hypothesis about mechanisms through which nicotine might exert its effect on the interdependence of inflammation and gut barrier function in ulcerative colitis.
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Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by impairment of the epithelial barrier and the formation of ulcer-type lesions, which result in local leaks and generalized alterations of mucosal tight junctions. Ultimately, this results in increased basal permeability. Although disruption of the
Ulcerative colitis responsive to smoking and to nicotine chewing gum in a patient with alpha 1 anti-trypsin deficiency.
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Ulcerative colitis is one of the few diseases in which smoking appears to confer some benefit (1). We report a patient whose ulcerative colitis deteriorated on several occasions on stopping cigarettes, and improved on restarting smoking. As a result, she continued smoking despite developing airflow
Childhood exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and the risk of ulcerative colitis.
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Previous reports have suggested that there may be a protective effect of active cigarette smoking on the risk of ulcerative colitis. Because passive smoking may also have other health consequences, the authors examined the effect of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke during childhood on adult
Transdermal nicotine decreases mucosal IL-8 expression but has no effect on mucin gene expression in ulcerative colitis.
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Our goal was to determine the effect of transdermal nicotine on cytokine and mucin gene transcription in ulcerative colitis (UC). Sixty-four nonsmoking patients with active UC were randomly assigned to transdermal nicotine (maximum dose 22 mg/day) or placebo for 4 weeks. Clinical assessment and
Distal ulcerative colitis refractory to rectal mesalamine: role of transdermal nicotine versus oral mesalamine.
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BACKGROUND
Distal ulcerative colitis usually responds to treatment with rectal mesalamine, but the management of refractory cases is poorly defined.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the possible therapeutic benefit of transdermal nicotine versus oral mesalamine.
METHODS
Thirty patients with left-sided
Nicotine tartrate liquid enemas for mildly to moderately active left-sided ulcerative colitis unresponsive to first-line therapy: a pilot study.
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BACKGROUND
Ulcerative colitis is predominantly a disease of non-smokers, and transdermal nicotine is therapeutic but often results in side-effects. Administration of nicotine as a liquid rectal enema results in less systemic nicotine absorption.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the safety and clinical
Dual effect of chronic nicotine administration: augmentation of jejunitis and amelioration of colitis induced by iodoacetamide in rats.
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Smoking has a dichotomous effect on inflammatory bowel disease, ameliorating disease activity in ulcerative colitis but having a deleterious effect on Crohn's disease. This effect is thought to be due to nicotine. We investigated the effect of chronic nicotine administration on the small and large
Relationship between CYP2A6 genetic polymorphism, as a marker of nicotine metabolism, and ulcerative colitis.
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BACKGROUND
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a common and difficult-to-treat disease. In non-smokers the relative risk of developing UC is 2.9 compared with smokers, who tend to have a later onset and a milder disease. Nicotine is the component of cigarette smoke responsible for the favorable effects in
The role of cigarettes and nicotine in the onset and treatment of ulcerative colitis.
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Epidemiological evidence suggests that ulcerative colitis is a disease of nonsmokers, while Crohn's disease is a disease of smokers. The relative risk of developing ulcerative colitis is not only greater in nonsmokers, in addition there appears to be a rebound effect in smokers who quit, with the
Plasma fibrinogen in ulcerative colitis: the effect of disease activity and nicotine therapy in a randomised controlled trial.
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BACKGROUND
Smoking increases plasma fibrinogen and cardiovascular risk whereas transdermal nicotine may not. Fibrinogen is an acute phase protein and may reflect disease activity in ulcerative colitis.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the effect of topical nicotine on plasma fibrinogen and any relationship
Nicotine enemas for active ulcerative colitis--a pilot study.
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BACKGROUND
Since transdermal nicotine is of value in the treatment of active ulcerative colitis but is often associated with side-effects, an alternative in the form of topical therapy with nicotine enemas has been developed.
METHODS
In an open study, 22 patients with active colitis, all
The diverse actions of nicotine and different extracted fractions from tobacco smoke against hapten-induced colitis in rats.
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The etiology of ulcerative colitis (UC) remains unknown, although the risk of developing UC is apparently higher in non-smokers and ex-smokers. We have demonstrated in a colitis animal model that exposure to tobacco smoke could attenuate UC pathogenesis. The present study aimed to investigate and
Nicotine enemas for treatment of ulcerative colitis: a study of the pharmacokinetics and adverse events associated with three doses of nicotine.
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BACKGROUND
Transdermal nicotine is of value in active ulcerative colitis but causes adverse events because of systemic absorption. Nicotine enemas may give rise to fewer adverse events.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the pharmacokinetics of nicotine enemas in three doses.
METHODS
Thirteen volunteers, all
Nicotine Inhibits Clostridium difficile Toxin A-Induced Colitis but Not Ileitis in Rats.
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Nicotine is protective in ulcerative colitis but not Crohn's disease of the small intestine, but little is known about the effects of nicotine on Clostridium difficile toxin A-induced enteritis. Isolated ileal or colonic segments in anesthetized rats were pretreated with nicotine bitartrate or other
Nicotine enemas for active Crohn's colitis: an open pilot study.
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BACKGROUND
Smoking has a detrimental effect in Crohn's disease (CD), but this may be due to factors in smoking other than nicotine. Given that transdermal nicotine benefits ulcerative colitis (UC), and there is a considerable overlap in the treatment of UC and CD, the possible beneficial effect of
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