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A method was devised for the extraction and quantification of hordenine and gramine from barley (Hordeum vulgare) tissue using HPLC techniques. Quantification was by peak area, the relationship between peak area and concentration of authentic standards being linear for both hordenine and gramine.
The expression of NMT (3-aminomethylindole/N-methyl-3-aminomethylindole N-methyltransferase; EC 2.1.1.), involved in the biosynthesis of the indole alkaloid gramine, was investigated in aphid-infested barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). NMT is induced by methyl jasmonate and it was hypothesized that the
Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is one of the intriguing issues for studying the mechanism in signal transduction system in a whole plant. We found that SAR and increase of an antifungal compound were induced rapidly and transiently in barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Goseshikoku) by mechanical and
Gramine, a natural indole alkaloid found in Hordeum vulgare has been possesses anti-mutagenic properties. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of gramine on inflammation and proliferation in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene(DMBA)-induced hamster buccal pouch (HBP) carcinogenesis.
The indole alkaloid gramine occurs in leaves of certain barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars but not in others. A gene sequence in barley that earlier was characterized as a jasmonate-induced O-methyltransferase (MT) (EC 2.1.1.6, GenBank accession U54767) was here found to be absent in some barley
The Poaceae is a large taxonomic group consisting of approximately 12,000 species and is classified into 12 subfamilies. Gramine and benzoxazinones (Bxs), which are biosynthesized from the tryptophan pathway, are well-known defensive secondary metabolites in the Poaceae. We analyzed the presence or
Two indole alkaloids with defense related functions are synthesized in the genus Hordeum of the Triticeae. Gramine (3(dimethyl-amino-methyl)-indole) is found in H. spontaneum and in some varieties of H. vulgare, the benzoxazinoid 2,4-dihydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (DIBOA) is detected in H.
Plants have developed defensive specialized metabolites over the course of evolution. In the genus Hordeum, which includes the important cereal crop barley, specialized metabolites such as hordatines, benzoxazinones, and gramine have been identified. Hordeum species are classified into four clades,
The two alkaloids gramine and hordenine have been known for playing a role in the allelopathic ability in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). These allelochemicals can be both found in leaves and roots in some barley cultivars whereas in others one seems to exclude the other. In this study eighteen