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14 hasil
Smoking tobacco and collective myopia.
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Addiction as a market failure: using rational addiction results to justify tobacco regulation.
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Tobacco regulation efforts have been criticized by some academic economists for failing to provide adequate welfare-analytic justification. This paper attempts to address these criticisms. Unlike previous research that has discussed second-hand smoke and health care financing externalities, this
Prevalence and risk factors for myopia and other refractive errors in an adult population in southern India.
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OBJECTIVE
To investigate prevalence and risk factors for myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism in southern India.
METHODS
Randomly sampled villages were enumerated to identify people aged ≥40 years. Participants were interviewed for socioeconomic and lifestyle factors and attended a hospital-based
Is there a link between passive smoke exposure and early-onset myopia in preschool Asian children?
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To investigate the association of passive tobacco smoke exposure with early-onset myopia among three-year-old children in Singapore.
Pregnant mothers who attended their first trimester clinic at two major maternity units were recruited into the GUSTO birth cohort. The current analysis comprised 572
Pharmacology of myopia and potential role for intrinsic retinal circadian rhythms.
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Despite the high prevalence and public health impact of refractive errors, the mechanisms responsible for ametropias are poorly understood. Much evidence now supports the concept that the retina is central to the mechanism(s) regulating emmetropization and underlying refractive errors. Using a
Diabetic retinopathy in Victoria, Australia: the Visual Impairment Project.
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OBJECTIVE
To establish the prevalence, severity, and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy in a representative sample of Victorian residents aged 40 years and older.
METHODS
A population based, cluster sampling method was used to recruit 4744 participants (86% participation rate). Nine randomly
The BElfast Retinal Tear and detachment Score (BERT Score)
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Purpose: To establish a scoring system to triage patients presenting with symptoms of flashes and floaters to allow safe differentiation between those with retinal tears and detachments, versus uncomplicated posterior vitreous detachments
[Eye and the environment].
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The eyes are exposed to multiple environmental factors, which affect visual development, comfort, and visual health. While overexposure to sunlight can cause ocular surface and retinal pathologies, insufficient exposure to daylight could significantly contribute to myopia progression. New artificial
Ocular toxicology.
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This review of recent articles on ocular toxicology concentrates on undesirable effects on the eye induced by systemically used xenobiotics. These effects include the corticosteroid-induced glaucoma and cataracts (especially in children), chloroquine-induced heart block and retinopathy, its possible
Risk factors for multiple retinal tears in patients with acute posterior vitreous detachment.
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OBJECTIVE
To evaluate possible risk factors for multiple retinal tears in patients with acute posterior vitreous detachment.
METHODS
Three hundred and seventy-six consecutive patients presenting with symptoms of floaters and/or flashes were examined. The associations of retinal tears with the
The role of the iris in chick accommodation.
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OBJECTIVE
Peripheral defocus, higher-order aberrations, and accommodation interact with pupil size to influence retinal image quality and possibly eye growth. Iridectomy (ID) provides a fixed, enlarged pupil. Results from in vitro studies suggest that ID may reduce or eliminate accommodation in the
Lower urinary cotinine level is associated with a trend toward more myopic refractive errors in Korean adolescents.
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PurposeTo investigate the association between urinary cotinine levels as an objective biological marker for exposure to nicotine and refractive status.Patients and methodsThis cross-sectional study analyzed data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2008 and 2011. A
Associations between childhood refraction and parental smoking.
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OBJECTIVE
Motivated by pharmacologic findings linking nicotinic acetylcholine receptors to eye development in chicks, the authors studied whether the refractions of children who were passively exposed to cigarette smoke by their parents differed from those of nonexposed children.
METHODS
A
Genetic risk factor in primary open-angle glaucoma: a case-control study.
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OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the link between primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and potential genetic and environmental risk factors.
METHODS
A case/control study was carried out using 175 POAG patients and 175 controls, all Caucasians of at least 40 years of age. The diagnosis of POAG was established
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