aminobutyrate/hypoxia

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Global gene expression analysis of Aspergillus nidulans reveals metabolic shift and transcription suppression under hypoxia.

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Hypoxia imposes a challenge upon most filamentous fungi that require oxygen for proliferation. Here, we used whole genome DNA microarrays to investigate global transcriptional changes in Aspergillus nidulans gene expression after exposure to hypoxia followed by normoxia. Aeration affected the

Glycerol 3-phosphate and lactate as indicators of the cerebral cytoplasmic redox state in severe and mild hypoxia respectively: a 13C- and 31P-n.m.r. study.

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The incorporation of 13C from [1-13C]glucose and [2-13C]acetate into selected intermediary metabolites in extracts prepared from incubated cerebral-cortex slices was monitored by using 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy under conditions of mild and severe hypoxia. Mild hypoxia had little effect on labelling of

Neurotransmitter and carbohydrate metabolism during aging and mild hypoxia.

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Alterations in the metabolism of the glucose derived neurotransmitters may underlie some of the deficits in brain function that can accompany aging. We examined the whole brain syntheses of acetylcholine (ACh), alanine, aspartate, glutamate, gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA), glutamine and serine in two

A novel gamma-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase: identification and expression of an Arabidopsis cDNA and potential role under oxygen deficiency.

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In plants, gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA), a non-protein amino acid, accumulates rapidly in response to a variety of abiotic stresses such as oxygen deficiency. Under normoxia, GABA is catabolized to succinic semialdehyde and then to succinate with the latter reaction being catalyzed by succinic

Hypoxia does not affect rate of ATP synthesis and energy metabolism in rice shoot tips as measured by 31P NMR in vivo.

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The cytoplasmic pH, concentrations of phosphate metabolites, and rate of ATP synthesis were measured in vivo in excised rice shoot tips under normoxic and hypoxic conditions using 31P NMR. When supplied with glucose, the shoot tips grew rapidly and were relatively unaffected by hypoxia. The

Extreme anoxia tolerance in embryos of the annual killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus: insights from a metabolomics analysis.

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The annual killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus survives in ephemeral pond habitats by producing drought-tolerant diapausing embryos. These embryos probably experience oxygen deprivation as part of their normal developmental environment. We assessed the anoxia tolerance of A. limnaeus embryos across

Adaptations of vertebrate neurons to hypoxia and anoxia: maintaining critical Ca2+ concentrations.

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Down-regulation of ion channel activity ('channel arrest'), which aids in preserving critical ion gradients in concert with greatly diminished energy production, is one important strategy by which anoxia-tolerant neurons adapt to O2 shortage. Channel arrest results in the elimination of action

Conserved and specific responses to hypoxia in Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus nidulans determined by comparative transcriptomics.

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Hypoxia imposes stress on filamentous fungi that require oxygen to proliferate. Global transcription analysis of Aspergillus oryzae grown under hypoxic conditions found that the expression of about 50% of 4,244 affected genes was either induced or repressed more than 2-fold. A comparison of these

Elucidation of how cancer cells avoid acidosis through comparative transcriptomic data analysis.

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The rapid growth of cancer cells fueled by glycolysis produces large amounts of protons in cancer cells, which tri mechanisms to transport them out, hence leading to increased acidity in their extracellular environments. It has been well established that the increased acidity will induce cell death

[Glucose metabolism in different regions of the rat brain under hypokinetic stress influence].

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In rats kept under long-time hypokinetic stress influence the glucose metabolism was studied in 7 brain regions. The regional levels of glucose, lactate, glutamate, glutamine, aspartate, gamma-aminobutyrate and the incorporation of 14C from plasma glucose into these metabolites, in glycogen and

Brain glucose and energy metabolism during normal aging.

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The mature, healthy, non-starved mammalian brain uses glucose only as a source of energy in the form of ATP, which is necessary for several metabolic processes, such as the maintenance of cellular homeostasis via ion homeostasis, maintenance of the integrity of cellular compartments, and

Selective alteration of neurotransmitter release by low oxygen in vitro.

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The potassium-stimulated release of acetylcholine, norepinephrine, serotonin, glutamate, and 4-aminobutyrate from superfused rat cortical slices was studied during hypoxia. A reduction in oxygen tensions from 603 +/- 6 to 22 +/- 2 mm Hg selectively altered the calcium-dependent efflux of these

Gamma-hydroxybutyrate accumulation in Arabidopsis and tobacco plants is a general response to abiotic stress: putative regulation by redox balance and glyoxylate reductase isoforms.

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Enzymes that reduce the aldehyde chemical grouping (i.e. H-C=O) to its corresponding alcohol are probably crucial in maintaining plant health during stress. Succinic semialdehyde (SSA) is a mitochondrially-generated intermediate in the metabolism of gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA), which accumulates in

Beta-alanine release from the adult and developing hippocampus is enhanced by ionotropic glutamate receptor agonists and cell-damaging conditions.

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The release of the inhibitory amino acid beta-alanine was investigated in hippocampal slices from adult (3-month-old) and developing (7-day-old) mice, using a superfusion system. The release was enhanced by beta-alanine itself and the structural analogs taurine and y-aminobutyrate. It was dependent

GABARBP down-regulates HIF-1α expression through the VEGFR-2 and PI3K/mTOR/4E-BP1 pathways.

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Human γ-aminobutyrate type A (GABAA) receptor-binding protein (GABARBP), a tumor suppressor protein with apoptotic function, can be inhibited in response to angiogenesis through the PI3K/Akt signaling cascades. Here, we investigated whether GABARBP over-expression could regulate vascular endothelial

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