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Carbenoxolone (CBX) has a neuroprotective effect in experimental models of brain ischemia and trauma. However, systemic effect of CBX on ischemic reperfusion injuries has not been investigated in a temporary model of focal cerebral ischemia. Male Wistar rats (n = 32) were divided into control and
Accumulating evidence has suggested that the gap junction plays an important role in the determination of cerebral ischemia, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In this study, we assessed the effect of a gap-junction blocker, carbenoxolone (CBX), on ischemia/reperfusion-induced
Direct mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation with deoxycorticosterone acetate has deleterious effects on the cerebral vasculature. Inhibition of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II (11betaHSD2) mimics the detrimental effects of elevated mineralocorticoids in the heart, but the effect of
Cortical spreading depression (CSD) has been shown to cause secondary cell loss in experimental models of brain injury and in patients, and blocking of CSD is a potential neuroprotective strategy. Here we tested the hypothesis that gap junctions affect CSD under physiological conditions as well as
Previous experimental studies have shown the protective effects of CBX on brain ischemic injures in global and in vitro models of ischemia. However, effects of CBX in temporary model of focal cerebral ischemia are not clear. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of central
Background: Re-entrant ventricular tachycardia may be non-inducible or haemodynamically compromising, requiring assessment of the electrophysiological properties of the myocardium during sinus rhythm (i.e., substrate mapping). Areas of heart tissue with slow
Protection of the heart from ischemia-reperfusion injury can be achieved by ischemic preconditioning and ischemic postconditioning. Previous studies revealed that a complex of pannexin-1 with the P2X(7) receptor forms a channel during ischemic preconditioning and ischemic postconditioning that
BACKGROUND
In ischemia-reperfusion, contraction band necrosis (CBN) is distributed mainly to the lateral border of the risk area and does not spread into the non-risk area beyond the border. It has been suggested that CBN is propagated through gap junctions (GJs), but it is unclear how GJs transmit
OBJECTIVE
To test whether glucocorticoids act as the endogenous agonist of cardiac mineralocorticoid receptors, we evaluated the cardiac effects of aldosterone and corticosterone and cardiac steroidogenesis vs. steroid uptake from plasma.
RESULTS
Both corticosterone and aldosterone increased left
With the availability and ease of small molecule production and design continuing to improve, robust, high-throughput methods for screening are increasingly necessary to find pharmacologically relevant compounds amongst the masses of potential candidates. Here, we demonstrate that a primary oxygen
We observed mitochondrial connexin43 (mtCx43) expression under cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, analyzed its regulation, and explored its protective mechanisms. Wistar rats were divided into groups based on injections received before middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Cerebral
OBJECTIVE
Most patients with stroke caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) show cognitive deficit that is generally regarded as resulting from damage to the cerebral cortex rather than the hippocampus. Whether MCAO induces hippocampal damage and whether this contributes to the cognitive
Excitotoxicity plays a central role in the neuronal damage during ischemic stroke. Although growing evidence suggests that activation of extrasynaptic NMDA receptors initiates neuronal death, no direct evidence demonstrated their activation during ischemia. Using rat hippocampal slices, we detected
BACKGROUND
Metabolic syndrome is a combination of dysregulated cardiometabolic risk factors characterized by dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, inflammation, obesity as well as hypertension. These factors are tied to the increased risk for type-II diabetes and
Ischemic stroke is a complex multifactorial disease caused by interactions among polygenetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors with limited effective treatments. Multi-herbal formulae have long been used for stroke through herbal compatibility in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM);