citrinin/atrophy

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Citrinin mycotoxicosis in the rabbit.

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In three trials, single or multiple doses of citrinin dissolved in 0.5 N-NaOH and adjusted to neutral pH with HCl were given to rabbits by either the oral or intraperitoneal route. The 72-hr LD50 was 50 mg/kg body weight by intraperitoneal administration and 134 mg/kg by the oral route. The primary

Acute toxicity of citrinin in turkeys and ducklings.

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Citrinin, a naturally occurring mycotoxin, was dissolved in dimethyl-sulphoxide - 70% ethanol (3:1, v/v) and administered orally in two trials to 7-day-old male turkey poults and male white Pekin ducklings. The single dose LD50 value in 7-day-old male turkey poults was 56 mg/kg and in 7-day-old male

Mycotoxicoses produced in ducklings and turkeys by dietary and multiple doses of citrinin.

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Citrinin was mixed in the diet (100, 250, 500 parts/10(6)) and fed to 1-day-old male White Pekin ducklings (Trial I), or it was dissolved in dimethyl-sulphoxide-70% ethanol (3:1, v/v) and administered by crop gavage to 14-day-old male White Pekin ducklings (Trial II) or 7-day-old male turkey poults

Citrinin and endosulfan induced maternal toxicity in pregnant Wistar rats: pathomorphological study.

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Dietary exposures to environmental food pollutants such as mycotoxin(s) or pesticide(s) have gained immense significance due to their adverse effects on production and reproduction in animal and human populations. The present investigation was conducted to evaluate the maternal toxicity of citrinin

Experimentally induced citrinin and endosulfan toxicity in pregnant Wistar rats: histopathological alterations in liver and kidneys of fetuses.

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In the present investigation, citrinin (CIT) (10 mg kg(-1) feed) and endosulfan (1 mg kg(-1) body weight) were administered orally alone and in combination to pregnant Wistar rats from gestational day 6 to 20 and their fetuses were collected to evaluate the histopathological alterations in hepatic

Ochratoxin A and citrinin nephrotoxicity in New Zealand White rabbits: an ultrastructural assessment.

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In the present investigation, ochratoxin A (OTA) (0.75 mg/kg feed) and citrinin (CIT) (15 mg/kg feed) were fed alone and in combination to young growing New Zealand White rabbits for 60 days to evaluate renal ultrastructural alterations. The severity and intensity of renal ultrastructural changes

Ochratoxin A and citrinin induced nephrosis in Beagle dogs. II. Pathology.

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Beagle dogs were given ochratoxin A (0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg) and citrinin (5 and 10 mg/kg) alone and in two dose combinations for 14 days. The gross lesions included focal peritonitis and intestinal intussusceptions in dogs given citrinin. Changes in the kidneys of dogs given ochratoxin A were

Fate of ochratoxin A and citrinin during malting and brewing experiments.

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The fate of ochratoxin A and citrinin during malting and brewing processes was studied by the use of naturally contaminated lots of barley, as well as by the addition of crystalline toxins to the mash. Complete degradation was observed for ochratoxin A from moderately contaminated barley lots and

Polyketide synthase gene responsible for citrinin biosynthesis in Monascus purpureus.

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Citrinin produced by Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Monascus species is a polyketide compound that has nephrotoxic activity in mammals and is bactericidal toward gram-positive bacteria. To avoid the risk of citrinin contamination in other fermentation products produced by Monascus purpureus,

Porcine nephropathy in Europe.

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Numerous surveys conducted in North America, Asia and Europe have revealed that ochratoxin A is a natural contaminant of plant products. Contamination frequencies of up to 40% have been encountered, at levels in the range of 5-500 micrograms/kg. Ochratoxin A is a major causal determinant of the

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