6 niðurstöður
BACKGROUND
Orbitopathy associated with Graves' disease TAO (thyroid associated orbitopathy) is likewise connected with environmental factors including tobacco smoking. Tobacco smoking increases the risk of ophthalmologic pathology and leads to the orbital tissue damage due to the hypoxia. The aim of
Graves orbitopathy (GO) is rare in pediatric patients, however is the most common extrathyroid manifestation of Graves disease (GD), being present in 30-67% of patients. GO is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder involving orbital connective and fatty tissues as well as the extraocular muscles. In
Children have about the same risk (or slightly increased) as adults to develop Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) once they have contracted Graves' hyperthyroidism. The severity of childhood GO appears to be less than that of adult GO. The female preponderance is similar between children and adults with
OBJECTIVE
To determine the long-term outcome of radiotherapy (RT) in patients with progressively symptomatic thyroid eye disease and to evaluate the potential long-term sequelae.
METHODS
Four hundred fifty-three patients provided written informed consent and received retrobulbar RT for Graves'
OBJECTIVE
Smoking has been associated with an increased incidence of endocrine ophthalmopathy (EO). In this study we examined the relation between smoking severity and the incidence of EO symptoms in patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism.
METHODS
Patients were prospectively followed for at least one