Field diagnostic kits: a solution for developing countries?

An exact assessment of the animal health situation in a country is an essential element in formulating eradication and control programmes, and in regulating international trade in animals and animal products from that country. Due to a lack of human and technical resources, Veterinary Services in developing countries often lack precise knowledge on disease occurrence. Since the collection and transmission of reliable information on animal diseases in developing countries are major concerns of the Office International des Epizooties (OIE), a project aimed at improving this situation was implemented with international financial support. This project involved the development by the Centre for the Application of Methodology for the Diagnosis of Animal Diseases (CAMDA) of field kits for the diagnosis of the main diseases present in tropical Africa: rinderpest, peste des petits ruminants (PPR), contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) and contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP). Several tests already exist, such as complement deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA)-specific probes and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for rinderpest and PPR, DNA probes and PCR for CBPP, capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the agglutination test and the immunobinding peroxidase test for CCPP, etc. With specific reference to these examples, the various problems faced by the OIE and CAMDA are reviewed.