The rhizomicrobiomes of wild and cultivated crops react differently to fungicides.

The fungicides used to control diseases in cereal production can have adverse effects on non-target microbial communities, with possible consequences for plant health and productivity. Although we know that fungicides affect microbial community structure and soil activities, it is unclear how crop cultivars have altered the impact of fungicides on rhizomicrobiomes. In this study, the rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities and structures of cultivated crops and their wild relatives were studied by Illumina MiSeq sequencing analysis. The results indicated that the rhizomicrobiome communities of wild crops reacted more strongly to fungicides than that of their cultivated relatives. Furthermore, fungal community composition was more affected by fungicides than bacterial community composition. Remarkably, the same trend was observed in both soybean and rice with regard to the influence of crop cultivar on the response of the rhizomicrobiome to fungicide application, although the level of the response was not similar. We report for the first time that the rhizomicrobiomes of wild crops reacted more strongly to fungicides than the rhizomicrobiomes of cultivated crops.